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The rapid expansion of data centers (DCs) has intensified energy and carbon footprint, incurring a massive environmental computing cost. While carbon-aware workload migration strategies have been examined, existing approaches often overlook…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-02 Yichao Zhang , Yubo Song , Subham Sahoo

Technology companies have been leading the way to a renewable energy transformation, by investing in renewable energy sources to reduce the carbon footprint of their datacenters. In addition to helping build new solar and wind farms,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Bilge Acun , Benjamin Lee , Fiodar Kazhamiaka , Kiwan Maeng , Manoj Chakkaravarthy , Udit Gupta , David Brooks , Carole-Jean Wu

As machine learning workloads significantly increase energy consumption, sustainable data centers with low carbon emissions are becoming a top priority for governments and corporations worldwide. This requires a paradigm shift in optimizing…

As the electrification process advances, enormous power flexibility is becoming available on the demand side, which can be harnessed to facilitate power system decarbonization. Hence, this paper studies the carbon-aware demand response…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Xin Chen

The rapid expansion of cloud computing and data center infrastructure has led to significant energy consumption, posing environmental challenges due to the growing carbon footprint. This research explores energy-aware management strategies…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Rabab Khan Rongon , Krishna Das

Cloud providers are adapting datacenter (DC) capacity to reduce carbon emissions. With hyperscale datacenters exceeding 100 MW individually, and in some grids exceeding 15% of power load, DC adaptation is large enough to harm power grid…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Liuzixuan Lin , Andrew A. Chien

Rapid adoption of Cloud computing for hosting services and its success is primarily attributed to its attractive features such as elasticity, availability and pay-as-you-go pricing model. However, the huge amount of energy consumed by cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Minxian Xu , Adel N. Toosi , Rajkumar Buyya

To reduce their environmental impact, cloud datacenters' are increasingly focused on optimizing applications' carbon-efficiency, or work done per mass of carbon emitted. To facilitate such optimizations, we present Carbon Containers, a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-27 John Thiede , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Data centers are significant contributors to carbon emissions and can strain power systems due to their high electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact and to participate in demand response programs, cloud computing companies strive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Francesco Micheli , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Ana Radovanović , Florian Dörfler

One of the major issues with the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid is the increased uncertainty and variability that they bring. If this uncertainty is not sufficiently addressed, it will limit the further…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-15 Joshua Comden , Zhenhua Liu , Yue Zhao

The energy demand of modern cloud services, particularly those related to generative AI, is increasing at an unprecedented pace. To date, carbon-aware computing strategies have primarily focused on batch process scheduling or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Philipp Wiesner , Dennis Grinwald , Philipp Weiß , Patrick Wilhelm , Ramin Khalili , Odej Kao

Accelerating computing demand, largely from AI applications, has led to concerns about its carbon footprint. Fortunately, a significant fraction of computing demand comes from batch jobs that are often delay-tolerant and elastic, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Walid A. Hanafy , Li Wu , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

The rapid growth of data centers is increasing energy demand and widening the carbon gap in the ICT sector, as fossil fuels still dominate global energy production. Addressing this challenge requires collaboration across research, policy,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Rubén Rodríguez Álvarez , Denisa-Andreea Constantinescu , Miguel Peón-Quirós , David Atienza

As datacenters continue to grow in scale, their energy consumption and resulting carbon footprint have become pressing concerns. With the increasing share of renewable energy in a datacenter's mixed energy supply, shifting task execution to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Dominik Schweisgut , Anne Benoit , Yves Robert , Henning Meyerhenke

Data centers are carbon-intensive enterprises due to their massive energy consumption, and it is estimated that data center industry will account for 8\% of global carbon emissions by 2030. However, both technological and policy instruments…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhiwei Cao , Xin Zhou , Han Hu , Zhi Wang , Yonggang Wen

The carbon footprint of data centers has recently become a critical concern. So far, most carbon-aware strategies have focused on leveraging the flexibility of scheduling decisions for batch processing by shifting the time and location of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Kevin Kreutz , Philipp Wiesner , Monica Vitali

Carbon-aware schedulers aim to reduce the operational carbon footprint of data centers by running flexible workloads during periods of low carbon intensity. Most schedulers treat workloads as single monolithic tasks, ignoring that many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Roozbeh Bostandoost , Adam Lechowicz , Walid A. Hanafy , Prashant Shenoy , Mohammad Hajiesmaili

Cloud platforms are increasing their emphasis on sustainability and reducing their operational carbon footprint. A common approach for reducing carbon emissions is to exploit the temporal flexibility inherent to many cloud workloads by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Walid A. Hanafy , Qianlin Liang , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

The rapid growth of AI/ML data centers has led to higher energy consumption and carbon emissions. The shift to renewable energy and growing data center energy demands can destabilize the power grid. Power grids rely on frequency regulation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ali Jahanshahi , Sara Rashidi Golrouye , Osten Anderson , Nanpeng Yu , Daniel Wong

The amount of CO$_2$ emitted per kilowatt-hour on an electricity grid varies by time of day and substantially varies by location due to the types of generation. Networked collections of warehouse scale computers, sometimes called Hyperscale…

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