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Detoxifying multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) has become crucial due to their increasing global use. In this work, we explore zero-shot cross-lingual generalization of preference tuning in detoxifying LLMs. Unlike previous studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Xiaochen Li , Zheng-Xin Yong , Stephen H. Bach

Fine-tuning is integral for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Multiple-Reference Preference Optimization (MRPO) builds on Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) by fine-tuning LLMs on preference datasets while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Skyler Wu , Aymen Echarghaoui

In abstractive summarization, the challenge of producing concise and accurate summaries arises from the vast amount of information contained in the source document. Consequently, although Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate fluent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Jaepill Choi , Kyubyung Chae , Jiwoo Song , Yohan Jo , Taesup Kim

Neural metrics for machine translation (MT) evaluation have become increasingly prominent due to their superior correlation with human judgments compared to traditional lexical metrics. Researchers have therefore utilized neural metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Ricardo Rei , Emmanuel Malherbe , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo , Nuno M. Guerreiro

The rapidly increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) raise an urgent need to align AI systems with diverse human preferences to simultaneously enhance their usefulness and safety, despite the often conflicting nature of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zixuan Liu , Xiaolin Sun , Zizhan Zheng

While instruction fine-tuned LLMs are effective text generators, sensitivity to prompt construction makes performance unstable and sub-optimal in practice. Relying on a single "best" prompt cannot capture all differing approaches to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 David Heineman , Yao Dou , Wei Xu

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding outputs the hypothesis with the highest expected utility over the model distribution for some utility function. It has been shown to improve accuracy over beam search in conditional language generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Julius Cheng , Andreas Vlachos

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding is a decision rule of text generation tasks that outperforms conventional maximum a posterior (MAP) decoding using beam search by selecting high-quality outputs based on a utility function rather than those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. While prior work mainly extends DPO from the aspect of the objective function, we instead improve DPO from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xun Deng , Han Zhong , Rui Ai , Fuli Feng , Zheng Wang , Xiangnan He

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and derivative techniques like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) are task-alignment algorithms used to repurpose general, foundational models for specific tasks. We show that applying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kaden Uhlig , Joern Wuebker , Raphael Reinauer , John DeNero

Direct preference optimization (DPO) has shown to be an effective method for large language model (LLM) alignment. Recent works have attempted to apply DPO to multimodal scenarios but have found it challenging to achieve consistent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , James Y. Huang , Nan Xu , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), their potential safety risks have attracted widespread attention. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been adopted to enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Shiji Zhao , Mengyang Wang , Shukun Xiong , Fangzhou Chen , Qihui Zhu , Shouwei Ruan , Yisong Xiao , Ranjie Duan , Xun Chen , XingXing Wei

This paper explores Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding for self-improvement in machine translation (MT), particularly for domain adaptation and low-resource languages. We implement the self-improvement process by fine-tuning the model on its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Kamil Guttmann , Mikołaj Pokrywka , Adrian Charkiewicz , Artur Nowakowski

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding generates high-quality translations by maximizing the expected utility of output candidates, but it evaluates all pairwise scores over the candidate set; hence, it takes quadratic time with respect to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Koki Natsumi , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a popular method for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) due to its stability and simplicity. However, it is also known to be sensitive to noise in the data and prone to overfitting.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Cheol Woo Kim , Shresth Verma , Mauricio Tec , Milind Tambe

Learning from human preference is a paradigm used in large-scale language model (LLM) fine-tuning step to better align pretrained LLM to human preference for downstream task. In the past it uses reinforcement learning from human feedback…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Shiming Xie , Hong Chen , Fred Yu , Zeye Sun , Xiuyu Wu , Yingfan Hu

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding is a powerful decoding strategy widely used for text generation tasks, but its quadratic computational complexity limits its practical application. This paper presents a novel approach for approximating MBR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Firas Trabelsi , David Vilar , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has become a prominent method for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. While DPO has enabled significant progress in aligning English LLMs, multilingual preference alignment is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Wen Yang , Junhong Wu , Chen Wang , Chengqing Zong , Jiajun Zhang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a de-facto approach for aligning language models with human preferences. Recent work has shown DPO's effectiveness relies on training data quality. In particular, clear quality differences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Nirav Diwan , Tolga Ergen , Dongsub Shim , Honglak Lee

Audio large language models (Audio LLMs) exhibit systematic failures in transcribing code-switching speech despite strong multilingual capabilities. Focusing on English-Mandarin, we identify three failure modes: language omission,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Trung Nguyen Quang , Cheng Yi Lewis Won , Minh Duc Pham , Yingxu He , Shuo Sun , Ai Ti Aw