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RISC-V is an extendable Instruction Set Architecture, growing in popularity for embedded systems. However, optimizing it to specific requirements, imposes a great deal of manual effort. To bridge the gap between software and ISA, the tool…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Andreas Hager-Clukas , Philipp van Kempen , Stefan Wallentowitz

On embedded processors that are increasingly equipped with multiple CPU cores, static hardware partitioning is an established means of consolidating and isolating workloads onto single chips. This architectural pattern is suitable for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ralf Ramsauer , Stefan Huber , Konrad Schwarz , Jan Kiszka , Wolfgang Mauerer

While most instruction set architectures (ISAs) are only available to use through the purchase of a restrictive commercial license, the RISC-V ISA presents a free and open-source alternative. Due to this availability, many free and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ian McDougall , Harish Batchu , Michael Davies , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam

This project enables RISC-V microkernel support in IREE, an MLIR-based machine learning compiler and runtime. The approach begins by enabling the lowering of MLIR linalg dialect contraction ops to linalg.mmt4d op for the RISC-V64 target…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Adeel Ahmad , Ahmad Tameem Kamal , Nouman Amir , Bilal Zafar , Saad Bin Nasir

This work presents Bio-RV, a compact and resource-efficient RISC-V processor intended for biomedical control applications, such as accelerator-based biomedical SoCs and implantable pacemaker systems. The proposed Bio-RV is a multi-cycle…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Vijay Pratap Sharma , Annu Kumar , Mohd Faisal Khan , Mukul Lokhande , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

This work introduces lightweight extensions to the RISC-V ISA to boost the efficiency of heavily Quantized Neural Network (QNN) inference on microcontroller-class cores. By extending the ISA with nibble (4-bit) and crumb (2-bit) SIMD…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

This work presents a SystemC-TLM based simulator for a RISC-V microcontroller. This simulator is focused on simplicity and easy expandable of a RISC-V. It is built around a full RISC-V instruction set simulator that supports full RISC-V ISA…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Màrius Montón

Compared to the first generation of deep neural networks, dominated by regular, compute-intensive kernels such as matrix multiplications (MatMuls) and convolutions, modern decoder-based transformers interleave attention, normalization, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Max Wipfli , Gamze İslamoğlu , Navaneeth Kunhi Purayil , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Neural networks are increasingly used in real-time systems, such as automated driving applications. This requires high-performance hardware with predictable timing behavior. State-of-the-art real-time hardware is limited in memory and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Maximilian Kirschner , Konstantin Dudzik , Jürgen Becker

Our goal in this paper is to understand how to maximize energy efficiency when designing standard-ISA processor cores for subthreshold operation. We hence develop a custom subthreshold library and use it to synthesize the open-source RISC-V…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Asbjørn Djupdal , Magnus Själander , Magnus Jahre , Snorre Aunet , Trond Ytterdal

High-performance micro-kernels must fully exploit today's diverse and specialized hardware to deliver peak performance to DNNs. While higher-level optimizations for DNNs are offered by numerous compilers (e.g., MLIR, TVM, OpenXLA),…

Ensuring a continuous and growing influx of skilled chip designers and a smooth path from education to innovation are key goals for several national and international "Chips Acts". Silicon democratization can greatly benefit from end-to-end…

CIRCT, an open-source EDA framework akin to LLVM for software, is a foundation for various hardware description languages. Despite its crucial role, CIRCT's lack of formal semantics challenges necessary rigorous hardware verification. Thus,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jianhong Zhao , Jinhui Kang , Yongwang Zhao

This paper presents an automated approach for designing processors that support a subset of the RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) for a new class of applications at Extreme Edge. The electronics used in extreme edge applications…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Alireza Raisiardali , Konstantinos Iordanou , Jedrzej Kufel , Kowshik Gudimetla , Kris Myny , Emre Ozer

While interest in the open RISC-V instruction set architecture is growing, tools to assess the security of concrete processor implementations are lacking. There are dedicated tools and benchmarks for common microarchitectural side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Cédrick Austa , Jan Tobias Mühlberg , Jean-Michel Dricot

While functional RISC-V implementations are readily available in academia, controlled empirical studies that extend a single baseline architecture along multiple design axes and quantify the resulting trade-offs at each step remain scarce.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hyunwoo Kang

Whilst RISC-V has grown phenomenally quickly in embedded computing, it is yet to gain significant traction in High Performance Computing (HPC). However, as we move further into the exascale era, the flexibility offered by RISC-V has the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nick Brown , Maurice Jamieson

The open-source RISC-V ISA is gaining traction, both in industry and academia. The ISA is designed to scale from micro-controllers to server-class processors. Furthermore, openness promotes the availability of various open-source and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Florian Zaruba , Luca Benini

With the rapid development of scientific computation, more and more researchers and developers are committed to implementing various workloads/operations on different devices. Among all these devices, NVIDIA GPU is the most popular choice…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Ruobing Han , Blaise Tine , Jaewon Lee , Jaewoong Sim , Hyesoon Kim

The automotive industry is experiencing a massive paradigm shift. Cars are becoming increasingly autonomous, connected, and computerized. Modern electrical/electronic (E/E) architectures are pushing for an unforeseen functionality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Sandro Pinto , Jose Martins , Manuel Rodriguez , Luis Cunha , Georg Schmalz , Uwe Moslehner , Kai Dieffenbach , Thomas Roecker