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Compositional vector space models of meaning promise new solutions to stubborn language understanding problems. This paper makes two contributions toward this end: (i) it uses automatically-extracted paraphrase examples as a source of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Avneesh Saluja , Chris Dyer , Jean-David Ruvini

A central piece in enabling intelligent agentic behavior in foundation models is to make them capable of introspecting upon their behavior, reasoning, and correcting their mistakes as more computation or interaction is available. Even the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yuxiao Qu , Tianjun Zhang , Naman Garg , Aviral Kumar

Reflection is widely recognized as a cornerstone of student development, fostering critical thinking, self-regulation, and deep conceptual understanding. Traditionally, reflective skills have been cultivated through structured feedback,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bo Yuan , Jiazi Hu

Reflective writing is known to support the development of students' metacognitive skills, yet learners often struggle to engage in deep reflection, limiting learning gains. Although large language models (LLMs) have been shown to improve…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Richard Lee Davis , Tanja Käser

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved strong multimodal reasoning capabilities, but further improving them still relies heavily on large-scale human-constructed supervision for post-training. Such supervision is costly to obtain,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Chaoran Xu , Yingmao Miao , Pengfei Zhang , Hao Dou , Lei Sun , Xiangxiang Chu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks using techniques such as chain-of-thought and self-consistency. However, ensemble-based approaches, especially self-consistency which relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Qinglin Zeng , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

Mask Diffusion-based Vision Language Models (MDVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal understanding tasks. However, these models are unable to correct errors in generated tokens, meaning they lack self-correction capability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 YuQian Li , Limeng Qiao , Lin Ma

Designing good reflection questions is pedagogically important but time-consuming and unevenly supported across teachers. This paper introduces a reflection-in-reflection framework for automated generation of reflection questions with large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ondřej Holub , Essi Ryymin , Rodrigo Alves

Referring expressions are natural language constructions used to identify particular objects within a scene. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for the tasks of referring expression comprehension and generation. Our model is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Licheng Yu , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal , Tamara L. Berg

The Natural Questions (NQ) benchmark set brings new challenges to Machine Reading Comprehension: the answers are not only at different levels of granularity (long and short), but also of richer types (including no-answer, yes/no,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Xuguang Wang , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Nan Duan , Daxin Jiang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved reasoning capabilities, with in-context learning (ICL) emerging as a key technique for adaptation without retraining. While previous works have focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jongyeop Hyun , Bumsoo Kim

Self-reflection mechanisms that rely on purely text-based rethinking processes perform well in most multimodal tasks. However, when directly applied to long-form video understanding scenarios, they exhibit clear limitations. The fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jiaze Li , Hao Yin , Wenhui Tan , Jingyang Chen , Boshen Xu , Yuxun Qu , Yijing Chen , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan

This paper proposes a novel neural model for the understudied task of generating text from keywords. The model takes as input a set of un-ordered keywords, and part-of-speech (POS) based template instructions. This makes it ideal for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Abhijit Mishra , Md Faisal Mahbub Chowdhury , Sagar Manohar , Dan Gutfreund , Karthik Sankaranarayanan

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks. Techniques like instruction tuning have effectively enhanced the proficiency of LLMs in the downstream task of machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yutong Wang , Jiali Zeng , Xuebo Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Min Zhang

Despite the rapid progress that existing automated feedback methods have made in correcting the output of large language models (LLMs), these methods cannot be well applied to the relation extraction (RE) task due to their designated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yongqi Li , Xin Miao , Shen Zhou , Mayi Xu , Yuyang Ren , Tieyun Qian

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown strong potential in improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models and is now being actively extended to vision-language models (VLMs). However, existing RL applications in VLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Yan Ma , Steffi Chern , Xuyang Shen , Yiran Zhong , Pengfei Liu

In order to be deployed safely, Large Language Models (LLMs) must be capable of dynamically adapting their behavior based on their level of knowledge and uncertainty associated with specific topics. This adaptive behavior, which we refer to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Alexandre Piché , Aristides Milios , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Chris Pal

The generation of presentation slides automatically is an important problem in the era of generative AI. This paper focuses on evaluating multimodal content in presentation slides that can effectively summarize a document and convey…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ananth Muppidi , Tarak Das , Sambaran Bandyopadhyay , Tripti Shukla , Dharun D A

Recent advances in deep neural networks, language modeling and language generation have introduced new ideas to the field of conversational agents. As a result, deep neural models such as sequence-to-sequence, Memory Networks, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Momchil Hardalov , Ivan Koychev , Preslav Nakov

Although neural conversation models are effective in learning how to produce fluent responses, their primary challenge lies in knowing what to say to make the conversation contentful and non-vacuous. We present a new end-to-end approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Lianhui Qin , Michel Galley , Chris Brockett , Xiaodong Liu , Xiang Gao , Bill Dolan , Yejin Choi , Jianfeng Gao