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On the Internet, sub-millisecond queueing delay and capacity-seeking have traditionally been considered mutually exclusive. We introduce a service that offers both: Low Latency Low Loss Scalable throughput (L4S). When tested under a wide…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Koen De Schepper , Olga Albisser , Olivier Tilmans , Bob Briscoe

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by employing a small speculative model (SSM) to generate multiple candidate tokens and verify them using the LLM in parallel. This technique has been widely integrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ruixiao Li , Fahao Chen , Peng Li

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising technique for large language model (LLM) inference by accelerating autoregressive decoding via draft-then-verify. This paper studies a new edge scenario with multi-user inference, where draft…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yaodan Xu , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu

Recent increase in energy prices has led researchers to find better ways for capacity provisioning in data centers to reduce energy wastage due to the variation in workload. This paper explores the opportunity for cost saving utilizing the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Muhammad Abdullah Adnan , Ryo Sugihara , Yan Ma , Rajesh Gupta

Underground pumped hydro energy storage (UPHES) systems play a critical role in grid-scale energy storage for renewable integration, yet optimal day-ahead scheduling remains computationally prohibitive due to nonlinear turbine performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Honghui Zheng , Pietro Favaro , Yury Dvorkin , Ján Drgoňa

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative for text generation, distinguished by their native support for parallel decoding. In practice, block inference is crucial for avoiding order misalignment in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lizhuo Luo , Shenggui Li , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang

The energy consumption issue in distributed computing systems has become quite critical due to environmental concerns. In response to this, many energy-aware scheduling algorithms have been developed primarily by using the dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-06-12 Masnida Emami , Yashar Ghiasi , Nasrin Jaberi

Speculative decoding (SD) has attracted a significant amount of research attention due to the substantial speedup it can achieve for LLM inference. However, despite the high speedups they offer, speculative decoding methods often achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wei Zhong , Manasa Bharadwaj

Persistent key-value (KV) stores mostly build on the Log-Structured Merge (LSM) tree for high write performance, yet the LSM-tree suffers from the inherently high I/O amplification. KV separation mitigates I/O amplification by storing only…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Yongkun Li , Helen H. W. Chan , Patrick P. C. Lee , Yinlong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value cache (KV cache) to accelerate decoding by reducing redundant computations. However, the KV cache memory usage grows substantially with longer text sequences, posing challenges for efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yixuan Wang , Shiyu Ji , Yijun Liu , Yuzhuang Xu , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become more prevalent in long-context applications such as interactive chatbots, document analysis, and agent workflows, but it is challenging to serve long-context requests with low latency and high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Ranajoy Sadhukhan , Jian Chen , Zhuoming Chen , Vashisth Tiwari , Ruihang Lai , Jinyuan Shi , Ian En-Hsu Yen , Avner May , Tianqi Chen , Beidi Chen

Speculative decoding is a prominent technique to speed up the inference of a large target language model based on predictions of an auxiliary draft model. While effective, in application-specific settings, it often involves fine-tuning both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Nikhil Bhendawade , Irina Belousova , Qichen Fu , Henry Mason , Mohammad Rastegari , Mahyar Najibi

Quantum Layout Synthesis (QLS) is a critical compilation stage that adapts quantum circuits to hardware constraints with an objective of minimizing the SWAP overhead. While heuristic tools demonstrate good efficiency, they often produce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Shuohao Ping , Naren Sathishkumar , Wan-Hsuan Lin , Hanyu Wang , Jason Cong

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results on multi-step mathematical reasoning, yet at the cost of high computational overhead. This challenge is particularly acute for test-time scaling methods such as parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuanlin Chu , Bo Wang , Xiang Liu , Hong Chen , Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu

The exponential growth of data-intensive machine learning workloads has exposed significant limitations in conventional GPU-accelerated systems, especially when processing datasets exceeding GPU DRAM capacity. We propose MQMS, an augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ayush Gundawar , Euijun Chung , Hyesoon Kim

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) serves as an agile hardware development tool that streamlines the circuit design by abstracting the register transfer level into behavioral descriptions, while allowing designers to customize the generated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Runkai Li , Jia Xiong , Xi Wang

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) plays a crucial role in modern hardware design by transforming high-level code into optimized hardware implementations. However, progress in applying machine learning (ML) to HLS optimization has been hindered by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zedong Peng , Zeju Li , Mingzhe Gao , Qiang Xu , Chen Zhang , Jieru Zhao

Speculative decoding has emerged as a powerful method to improve latency and throughput in hosting large language models. However, most existing implementations focus on generating a single sequence. Real-world generative AI applications…

Provisioning of quality of service (QoS) is a key issue in visible light communication (VLC) system as well as in other wireless communication systems. Due to the fact that QoS requirements are not as strict for all traffic types, more…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-12-12 Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury , Muhammad Shahin Uddin , Yeong Min Jang

This paper investigates the variance reduction techniques Antithetic Variates (AV) and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) when used for sequential sampling in stochastic programming and presents a comparative computational study. It shows…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-12 Jangho Park , Rebecca Stockbridge , Güzin Bayraksan