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Active learning (AL) optimizes data labeling efficiency by selecting the most informative instances for annotation. A key component in this procedure is an acquisition function that guides the selection process and identifies the suitable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Abdul Hameed Azeemi , Ihsan Ayyub Qazi , Agha Ali Raza

Recent Vision-based Large Language Models~(VisionLLMs) for autonomous driving have seen rapid advancements. However, such promotion is extremely dependent on large-scale high-quality annotated data, which is costly and labor-intensive. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Chaoqun Wang , Jie Yang , Xiaobin Hong , Ruimao Zhang

Instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) has gained attention from researchers due to its ability to unlock the potential of LLMs in following instructions. While instruction tuning offers advantages for facilitating the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Hao Chen , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhang , Hantao Yang , Xiaomeng Hu , Xuetao Ma , Yifan Yanggong , Junbo Zhao

Selecting appropriate training data is crucial for effective instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), which aims to (1) elicit strong capabilities, and (2) achieve balanced performance across a diverse range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Qirun Dai , Dylan Zhang , Jiaqi W. Ma , Hao Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in applications, and people can shape model behavior by editing prompt instructions. Yet encoding subtle, domain-specific policies into prompts is challenging. Although this process…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Minjae Lee , Minsuk Kahng

Modern deep neural networks can easily overfit to biased training data containing corrupted labels or class imbalance. Sample re-weighting methods are popularly used to alleviate this data bias issue. Most current methods, however, require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Jun Shu , Xiang Yuan , Deyu Meng , Zongben Xu

While large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive instruction-following capabilities, it is still unclear whether and to what extent they can respond to explicit constraints that might be entailed in various instructions. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Yihan Chen , Benfeng Xu , Quan Wang , Yi Liu , Zhendong Mao

In the realm of Large Language Models (LLMs), the balance between instruction data quality and quantity is a focal point. Recognizing this, we introduce a self-guided methodology for LLMs to autonomously discern and select cherry samples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ming Li , Yong Zhang , Zhitao Li , Jiuhai Chen , Lichang Chen , Ning Cheng , Jianzong Wang , Tianyi Zhou , Jing Xiao

Unified Sequence Labeling that articulates different sequence labeling problems such as Named Entity Recognition, Relation Extraction, Semantic Role Labeling, etc. in a generalized sequence-to-sequence format opens up the opportunity to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Ranran Haoran Zhang , Peng Shi , Wenpeng Yin , Rui Zhang

Data selection for finetuning Large Language Models (LLMs) can be framed as a budget-constrained optimization problem: maximizing a model's downstream performance under a strict training data budget. Solving this problem is generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Animesh Jha , Harshit Gupta , Ananjan Nandi

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful but static; they lack mechanisms to adapt their weights in response to new tasks, knowledge, or examples. We introduce Self-Adapting LLMs (SEAL), a framework that enables LLMs to self-adapt by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Adam Zweiger , Jyothish Pari , Han Guo , Ekin Akyürek , Yoon Kim , Pulkit Agrawal

Selecting high-quality and diverse training samples from extensive datasets plays a crucial role in reducing training overhead and enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing studies fall short in assessing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhuo Li , Yuhao Du , Xiaoqi Jiao , Yiwen Guo , Yuege Feng , Xiang Wan , Anningzhe Gao , Jinpeng Hu

In recent years, the use of large language models (LLMs) for text classification has attracted widespread attention. Despite this, the classification accuracy of LLMs has not yet universally surpassed that of smaller models. LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Min Zeng , Caiquan Liu , Shiqi Zhang , Li Xie , Chen Sang , Xiaoxin Chen

Recent years have witnessed amazing outcomes from "Big Models" trained by "Big Data". Most popular algorithms for model training are iterative. Due to the surging volumes of data, we can usually afford to process only a fraction of the…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Jinyang Gao , H. V. Jagadish , Beng Chin Ooi

In real-world NLP applications, Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising solutions due to their extensive training on vast datasets. However, the large size and high computation demands of LLMs limit their practicality in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Juanhui Li , Sreyashi Nag , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sheikh Sarwar , Limeng Cui , Hansu Gu , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

While large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance through fine-tuning within individual scientific domains, their learning dynamics in multi-disciplinary contexts remains poorly understood, despite the promise of improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Lintao Wang , Zhuqiang Lu , Yilin Zhu , Kun Hu , Zhenfei Yin , Shixiang Tang , Zhiyong Wang , Wanli Ouyang , Xinzhu Ma

Although data is abundant, data labeling is expensive. Semi-supervised learning methods combine a few labeled samples with a large corpus of unlabeled data to effectively train models. This paper introduces our proposed method LiDAM, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Qun Liu , Matthew Shreve , Raja Bala

Current trends in pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily focus on the scaling of model and dataset size. While the quality of pre-training data is considered an important factor for training powerful LLMs, it remains a nebulous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Brando Miranda , Alycia Lee , Sudharsan Sundar , Allison Casasola , Rylan Schaeffer , Elyas Obbad , Sanmi Koyejo

Instruction tuning has been widely used to unleash the complete potential of large language models. Notably, complex and diverse instructions are of significant importance as they can effectively align models with various downstream tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tingfeng Hui , Lulu Zhao , Guanting Dong , Yaqi Zhang , Hua Zhou , Sen Su

One paradigm of language model (LM) fine-tuning relies on creating large training datasets, under the assumption that high quantity and diversity will enable models to generalize to novel tasks after post-training. In practice, gathering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Emre Can Acikgoz , Cheng Qian , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur
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