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In this work, we investigate an important task named instruction-following text embedding, which generates dynamic text embeddings that adapt to user instructions, highlighting specific attributes of text. Despite recent advancements,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yingchaojie Feng , Yiqun Sun , Yandong Sun , Minfeng Zhu , Qiang Huang , Anthony K. H. Tung , Wei Chen

Image-Text Retrieval (ITR) is challenging in bridging visual and lingual modalities. Contrastive learning has been adopted by most prior arts. Except for limited amount of negative image-text pairs, the capability of constrastive learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Haoran Wang , Dongliang He , Wenhao Wu , Boyang Xia , Min Yang , Fu Li , Yunlong Yu , Zhong Ji , Errui Ding , Jingdong Wang

As opposed to natural languages, source code understanding is influenced by grammatical relationships between tokens regardless of their identifier name. Graph representations of source code such as Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) can capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Junyan Cheng , Iordanis Fostiropoulos , Barry Boehm

Repository-scale code reasoning is a cornerstone of modern AI-assisted software engineering, enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to handle complex workflows from program comprehension to complex debugging. However, balancing accuracy with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhonghang Li , Zongwei Li , Yuxuan Chen , Han Shi , Jiawei Li , Jierun Chen , Haoli Bai , Chao Huang

Transformers have transformed modern machine learning, driving breakthroughs in computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics. At the core of their success lies the attention mechanism, which enables the modeling of global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hemanth Saratchandran , Simon Lucey

Reranker models aim to re-rank the passages based on the semantics similarity between the given query and passages, which have recently received more attention due to the wide application of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation. Most previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Junlong Liu , Yue Ma , Ruihui Zhao , Junhao Zheng , Qianli Ma , Yangyang Kang

Pretraining plays a pivotal role in acquiring generalized knowledge from large-scale data, achieving remarkable successes as evidenced by large models in CV and NLP. However, progress in the graph domain remains limited due to fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yu Song , Haitao Mao , Jiachen Xiao , Jingzhe Liu , Zhikai Chen , Wei Jin , Carl Yang , Jiliang Tang , Hui Liu

Currently, a growing number of mature natural language processing applications make people's life more convenient. Such applications are built by source code - the language in software engineering. However, the applications for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Ahmed Elnaggar , Wei Ding , Llion Jones , Tom Gibbs , Tamas Feher , Christoph Angerer , Silvia Severini , Florian Matthes , Burkhard Rost

We review a class of methods that can be collected under the name nonlinear transform coding (NTC), which over the past few years have become competitive with the best linear transform codecs for images, and have superseded them in terms of…

Learning to compute, the ability to model the functional behavior of a circuit graph, is a fundamental challenge for graph representation learning. Yet, the dominant paradigm is architecturally mismatched for this task. This flawed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Zheng , Jiaying Zhu , Jingyi Zhou , Qiang Xu

Human intelligence is multimodal; we integrate visual, linguistic, and acoustic signals to maintain a holistic worldview. Most current pretraining methods, however, are limited to one or two modalities. We present i-Code, a self-supervised…

Contrastive learning with Transformer-based sequence encoder has gained predominance for sequential recommendation. It maximizes the agreements between paired sequence augmentations that share similar semantics. However, existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Hanwen Du , Hui Shi , Pengpeng Zhao , Deqing Wang , Victor S. Sheng , Yanchi Liu , Guanfeng Liu , Lei Zhao

Pre-trained Transformer language models (LM) have become go-to text representation encoders. Prior research fine-tunes deep LMs to encode text sequences such as sentences and passages into single dense vector representations for efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Luyu Gao , Jamie Callan

We introduce sub-sentence encoder, a contrastively-learned contextual embedding model for fine-grained semantic representation of text. In contrast to the standard practice with sentence embeddings, where the meaning of an entire sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Sihao Chen , Hongming Zhang , Tong Chen , Ben Zhou , Wenhao Yu , Dian Yu , Baolin Peng , Hongwei Wang , Dan Roth , Dong Yu

Contrastive learning has proven to be an effective method for pre-training models using weakly labeled data in the vision domain. Sentence transformers are the NLP counterparts to this architecture, and have been growing in popularity due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Tanmay Chavan , Shantanu Patankar , Aditya Kane , Omkar Gokhale , Geetanjali Kale , Raviraj Joshi

As text and code resources have expanded, large-scale pre-trained models have shown promising capabilities in code generation tasks, typically employing supervised fine-tuning with problem statement-program pairs. However, increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Nathanaël Beau , Benoît Crabbé

Program representation learning is a fundamental task in software engineering applications. With the availability of "big code" and the development of deep learning techniques, various program representation learning models have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Siqi Han , DongXia Wang , Wanting Li , Xuesong Lu

Non-autoregressive end-to-end ASR framework might be potentially appropriate for code-switching recognition task thanks to its inherent property that present output token being independent of historical ones. However, it still…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-08 Yizhou Peng , Jicheng Zhang , Haihua Xu , Hao Huang , Eng Siong Chng

Code-switching (CS) occurs when a speaker alternates words of two or more languages within a single sentence or across sentences. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) of CS speech has to deal with two or more languages at the same time. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-19 Xinyuan Zhou , Emre Yılmaz , Yanhua Long , Yijie Li , Haizhou Li

Text encoding is one of the most important steps in Natural Language Processing (NLP). It has been done well by the self-attention mechanism in the current state-of-the-art Transformer encoder, which has brought about significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Zuchao Li , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Rui Wang , Kehai Chen , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita