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Answering questions with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its impact on Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) still lacks a systematic assessment and in-depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Dongzhi Jiang , Renrui Zhang , Ziyu Guo , Yanwei Li , Yu Qi , Xinyan Chen , Liuhui Wang , Jianhan Jin , Claire Guo , Shen Yan , Bo Zhang , Chaoyou Fu , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) Prompting is a dominant paradigm in Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance complex reasoning. It guides LLMs to present multi-step reasoning, rather than generating the final answer directly. However, CoT encounters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dong-Hai Zhu , Yu-Jie Xiong , Jia-Chen Zhang , Xi-Jiong Xie , Chun-Ming Xia

The increasing scale of large language models (LLMs) brings emergent abilities to various complex tasks requiring reasoning, such as arithmetic and commonsense reasoning. It is known that the effective design of task-specific prompts is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shizhe Diao , Pengcheng Wang , Yong Lin , Rui Pan , Xiang Liu , Tong Zhang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been shown to enhance the multi-step reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, debates persist about whether LLMs exhibit abstract generalization or rely on shallow heuristics when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Akshara Prabhakar , Thomas L. Griffiths , R. Thomas McCoy

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning exposes the intermediate thinking process of large language models (LLMs), yet verifying those traces at scale remains unsolved. In response, we introduce the idea of decision pivots-minimal, verifiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dongkyu Cho , Amy B. Z. Zhang , Bilel Fehri , Sheng Wang , Rumi Chunara , Hengrui Cai , Rui Song

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances the problem-solving ability of large language models (LLMs) but leads to substantial inference overhead, limiting deployment in resource-constrained settings. This paper investigates efficient CoT…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ziqian Bi , Kaijie Chen , Tianyang Wang , Junfeng Hao , Benji Peng , Xinyuan Song

In-context learning with large language models (LLMs) has recently caught increasing attention due to its superior few-shot performance on various tasks. However, its performance on text-to-SQL parsing still has much room for improvement.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Chang-You Tai , Ziru Chen , Tianshu Zhang , Xiang Deng , Huan Sun

Chain of Thought (CoT) was introduced in recent research as a method for improving step-by-step reasoning in Large Language Models. However, CoT has limited applications such as its need for hand-crafted few-shot exemplar prompts and no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Arda Sevinc , Abdurrahman Gumus

Multi-step Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly advanced the mathematical reasoning capabilities of LLMs by leveraging explicit reasoning steps. However, the widespread adoption of Long CoT often results in sequence lengths that exceed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jia-Chen Zhang , Yu-Jie Xiong , Zheng Zhou

Reasoning based on Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered increasing attention due to outstanding performance of these models in mathematical and complex logical tasks. Beginning with the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting technique,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuto Suzuki , Farnoush Banaei-Kashani

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been widely recognized for its ability to enhance reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs). However, our study reveals a surprising contradiction to this prevailing perspective within the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianshi Zheng , Yixiang Chen , Chengxi Li , Chunyang Li , Qing Zong , Haochen Shi , Baixuan Xu , Yangqiu Song , Ginny Y. Wong , Simon See

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been shown to significantly improve the reasoning accuracy of large language models (LLMs) on complex tasks. However, due to the autoregressive, step-by-step generation paradigm, existing CoT methods suffer from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaquan Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Shuxu Chen , Xudong Wang , Zhenzhen Huang , Pengcheng Zheng , Shuai Yuan , Sheng Zheng , Qigan Sun , Jie Zou , Lik-Hang Lee , Yang Yang

As large language models (LLMs) have shown effectiveness with different prompting methods, such as Chain of Thought, Program of Thought, we find that these methods have formed a great complementarity to each other on math reasoning tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Tengxiao Liu , Qipeng Guo , Yuqing Yang , Xiangkun Hu , Yue Zhang , Xipeng Qiu , Zheng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) equipped with chain-of-thought (CoT) achieve strong performance and offer a window into LLM behavior. However, recent evidence suggests that improvements in CoT capabilities often come with redundant reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Yibo Gao , Danyang Zhao , Qika Lin , Ming Ma , Jiayun Li , Yi Jiang , Kai He , Qianyi Xu , Bing Qin , Mengling Feng

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting advances LLM reasoning, challenges persist in consistency, accuracy, and self-correction, especially for complex or ethically sensitive tasks. Existing single-dimensional reflection methods offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mariana Costa , Alberlucia Rafael Soarez , Daniel Kim , Camila Ferreira

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in solving mathematical reasoning tasks, leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data as a vital component in guiding answer generation. Current paradigms typically generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Honglin Lin , Zhuoshi Pan , Yu Li , Qizhi Pei , Xin Gao , Mengzhang Cai , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

The verbosity of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning hinders its mass deployment in efficiency-critical applications. Recently, implicit CoT approaches have emerged, which encode reasoning steps within LLM's hidden embeddings (termed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yinhan He , Wendy Zheng , Yaochen Zhu , Zaiyi Zheng , Lin Su , Sriram Vasudevan , Qi Guo , Liangjie Hong , Jundong Li

Large language models (LLMs) are typically constrained to reason in the language space, where they express the reasoning process through a chain-of-thought (CoT) to solve complex problems. However, the language space may not always be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shibo Hao , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , DiJia Su , Xian Li , Zhiting Hu , Jason Weston , Yuandong Tian

This paper presents a novel approach termed Layer-of-Thoughts Prompting (LoT), which utilizes constraint hierarchies to filter and refine candidate responses to a given query. By integrating these constraints, our method enables a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Wachara Fungwacharakorn , Nguyen Ha Thanh , May Myo Zin , Ken Satoh

Research on LLM technologies is rapidly emerging, with most of them employ a 'fast thinking' approach to inference. Most LLMs generate the final result based solely on a single query and LLM's reasoning capabilities. However, with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jianfeng Pan , Senyou Deng , Shaomang Huang
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