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Recent years have seen the successful application of deep learning to software engineering (SE). In particular, the development and use of pre-trained models of source code has enabled state-of-the-art results to be achieved on a wide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Changan Niu , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

Large Language Models (LLMs) and pre-trained Language Models (LMs) have achieved impressive success on many software engineering tasks (e.g., code completion and code generation). By leveraging huge existing code corpora (e.g., GitHub),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xin Yin , Chao Ni , Xiaodan Xu , Xinrui Li , Xiaohu Yang

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks through fine-tuning. However, fine-tuned models still suffer from overconfident predictions, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Guande He , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have been widely used in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, owing to their powerful text representations trained on large-scale corpora. In this paper, we propose a new PLM called PERT for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yiming Cui , Ziqing Yang , Ting Liu

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have produced substantial improvements in discourse-aware neural machine translation (NMT), for example, improved coherence in spoken language translation. However, the underlying reasons for their strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhihong Huang , Longyue Wang , Siyou Liu , Derek F. Wong

Deep learning (DL) techniques have been used to support several code-related tasks such as code summarization and bug-fixing. In particular, pre-trained transformer models are on the rise, also thanks to the excellent results they achieved…

For protein sequence datasets, unlabeled data has greatly outpaced labeled data due to the high cost of wet-lab characterization. Recent deep-learning approaches to protein prediction have shown that pre-training on unlabeled data can yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Pascal Sturmfels , Jesse Vig , Ali Madani , Nazneen Fatema Rajani

Small Language Models (SLMs, or on-device LMs) have significantly fewer parameters than Large Language Models (LLMs). They are typically deployed on low-end devices, like mobile phones and single-board computers. Unlike LLMs, which rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mingxue Xu , Yao Lei Xu , Danilo P. Mandic

Many recent works on Entity Resolution (ER) leverage Deep Learning techniques involving language models to improve effectiveness. This is applied to both main steps of ER, i.e., blocking and matching. Several pre-trained embeddings have…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Alexandros Zeakis , George Papadakis , Dimitrios Skoutas , Manolis Koubarakis

Large language models have recently surpassed specialized systems on code generation, yet their effectiveness on other code-analysis tasks remains less clear. At the same time, multi-task learning offers a way to unify diverse objectives…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Amal Akli , Maxime Cordy , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Recent years pretrained language models (PLMs) hit a success on several downstream tasks, showing their power on modeling language. To better understand and leverage what PLMs have learned, several techniques have emerged to explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Qian Liu , Dejian Yang , Jiahui Zhang , Jiaqi Guo , Bin Zhou , Jian-Guang Lou

The rapid development of deep learning techniques, improved computational power, and the availability of vast training data have led to significant advancements in pre-trained models and large language models (LLMs). Pre-trained models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yuan Huang , Yinan Chen , Xiangping Chen , Junqi Chen , Rui Peng , Zhicao Tang , Jinbo Huang , Furen Xu , Zibin Zheng

Embedding models have demonstrated strong performance in tasks like clustering, retrieval, and feature extraction while offering computational advantages over generative models and cross-encoders. Benchmarks such as MTEB have shown that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhuohao Li , Wenqing Chen , Jianxing Yu , Zhichao Lu

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have outperformed other NLP models on a wide range of tasks. Opting for a more thorough understanding of their capabilities and inner workings, researchers have established the extend to which they capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Anne Lauscher , Federico Bianchi , Samuel Bowman , Dirk Hovy

Code data has been shown to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but it remains unclear which aspects of code are most responsible. We investigate this question with a systematic, data-centric framework. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Abdul Waheed , Zhen Wu , Carolyn Rosé , Daphne Ippolito

In recent years, the growing complexity and scale of source code have rendered manual software vulnerability detection increasingly impractical. To address this challenge, automated approaches leveraging machine learning and code embeddings…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Talaya Farasat , Joachim Posegga

Dense vector representations for textual data are crucial in modern NLP. Word embeddings and sentence embeddings estimated from raw texts are key in achieving state-of-the-art results in various tasks requiring semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Sonal Sannigrahi , Josef van Genabith , Cristina Espana-Bonet

Although large language models (LLMs) show promising potential in code translation, they still struggle to generate accurate translations using the commonly adopted direct code-to-code translation approach, which converts an original…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Songqiang Chen , Congying Xu , Jingyi Chen , Jialun Cao , Jiarong Wu , Shing-Chi Cheung

The emergence of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) has achieved tremendous success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) by learning universal representations on large corpora in a self-supervised manner. The pre-trained models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Peng Liu , Lemei Zhang , Jon Atle Gulla

The use of large pretrained neural networks to create contextualized word embeddings has drastically improved performance on several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These computationally expensive models have begun to be applied to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Benjamin Clavié , Kobi Gal