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A task is a distributed problem for $n$ processes, in which each process starts with a private input value, communicates with other processes, and eventually decides an output value. A task is colorless if each process can adopt the input…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Carole Delporte-Gallet , Hugues Fauconnier , Sergio Rajsbaum , Nayuta Yanagisawa

Privacy in block-chains is considered second to functionality, but a vital requirement for many new applications, e.g., in the industrial environment. We propose a novel transaction type, which enables privacy preserving trading of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Felix Engelmann , Frank Kargl , Christoph Bösch

The problems of Permutation Routing via Matching and Token Swapping are reconfiguration problems on graphs. This paper is concerned with the complexity of those problems and a colored variant. For a given graph where each vertex has a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Jun Kawahara , Toshiki Saitoh , Ryo Yoshinaka

Aiming at the high cost of embedding annotation watermark in a narrow small area and the information distortion caused by the change of annotation watermark image resolution, this paper proposes a color block code technology, which uses…

Graphics · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Hao Wang , Yu Bai , Jie Liu , Guangmin Sun , Yanjun Zhang , Jie Li

Non-fungible tokens(NFTs) are on the rise. They can represent artworks exhibited for marketing purposes on webpages of companies or online stores -- analogously to physical artworks. Lending of NFTs is an attractive form of passive income…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Alfred Sopi , Johannes Schneider , Jan vom Brocke

We study a new reconfiguration problem inspired by classic mechanical puzzles: a colored token is placed on each vertex of a given graph; we are also given a set of distinguished cycles on the graph. We are tasked with rearranging the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Kwon Kham Sai , Ryuhei Uehara , Giovanni Viglietta

Inspired by the eponymous hobby, we introduce Miniature Painting as the computational problem to paint a given graph $G=(V,E)$ according to a prescribed template $t \colon V \rightarrow C$, which assigns colors $C$ to the vertices of $G$.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Christian Rosenke , Mark Scheibner

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a way to collect digital art as well as an investment vehicle. Despite having been popularized only recently, NFT markets have witnessed several high-profile (and high-value) asset sales and a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Dipanjan Das , Priyanka Bose , Nicola Ruaro , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which are immutable and transferable tokens on blockchain networks, have been used to certify the ownership of digital images often grouped in collections. Depending on individual interests, wallets explore and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-01-19 Seonbin Jo , Woo-Sung Jung , Hyunuk Kim

In the Coloured Clustering problem, we wish to colour vertices of an edge coloured graph to produce as many stable edges as possible, i.e., edges with the same colour as their ends. In this paper, we reveal that the problem is in fact a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Leizhen CAI , On Yin LEUNG

We study a variation of the graph colouring problem on random graphs of finite average connectivity. Given the number of colours, we aim to maximise the number of different colours at neighbouring vertices (i.e. one edge distance) of any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Bounkong , J. van Mourik , D. Saad

With the explosive development of decentralized finance, we witness a phenomenal growth in tokenization of all kinds of assets, including equity, funds, debt, and real estate. By taking advantage of blockchain technology, digital assets are…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-04-21 Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini Bamakan , Nasim Nezhadsistani , Omid Bodaghi , Qiang Qu

A partition $(V_1,\ldots,V_k)$ of the vertex set of a graph $G$ with a (not necessarily proper) colouring $c$ is colourful if no two vertices in any $V_i$ have the same colour and every set $V_i$ induces a connected graph. The COLOURFUL…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-13 Laurent Bulteau , Konrad K. Dabrowski , Guillaume Fertin , Matthew Johnson , Daniel Paulusma , Stephane Vialette

In this work, we consider a number of problems defined on the triangular lattice with $n$ rows, which we will denote as $T_n$. Define a \textit{proper coloring} to be an assignment of colors to the points of $T_n$ such that no three points…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-22 Gaston A. Brouwer , Jonathan Joe , Abby A. Noble , Matt Noble

An algorithmic stablecoin is a type of cryptocurrency managed by algorithms (i.e., smart contracts) to dynamically minimize the volatility of its price relative to a specific form of asset, e.g., US dollar. As algorithmic stablecoins have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Wenqi Zhao , Hui Li , Yuming Yuan

Graph colouring is a fundamental problem for networks, serving as a tool for avoiding conflicts via symmetry breaking, for example, avoiding multiple computer processes simultaneously updating the same resource. This paper considers a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Duncan Adamson , George B. Mertzios , Paul G. Spirakis

In this paper, we propose a high-speed greedy sequential algorithm for the vertex coloring problem (VCP), based on the Wave Function Collapse algorithm, called Wave Function Collapse Coloring (WFC-C). An iteration of this algorithm goes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Anh Mac , David Perkins

Many applications from the financial industry successfully leverage clustering algorithms to reveal meaningful patterns among a vast amount of unstructured financial data. However, these algorithms suffer from a lack of interpretability…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-24 Enguerrand Horel , Kay Giesecke , Victor Storchan , Naren Chittar

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are decentralized digital tokens to represent the unique ownership of items. Recently, NFTs have been gaining popularity and at the same time bringing up issues, such as scams, racism, and sexism.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yunpeng Xiao , Bufan Deng , Siqi Chen , Kyrie Zhixuan Zhou , Ray LC , Luyao Zhang , Xin Tong

We settle the complexity of the $(\Delta+1)$-coloring and $(\Delta+1)$-list coloring problems in the CONGESTED CLIQUE model by presenting a simple deterministic algorithm for both problems running in a constant number of rounds. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Artur Czumaj , Peter Davies , Merav Parter