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Controller Area Network (CAN) is an essential networking protocol that connects multiple electronic control units (ECUs) in a vehicle. However, CAN-based in-vehicle networks (IVNs) face security risks owing to the CAN mechanisms. An…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Seonghoon Jeong , Sangho Lee , Hwejae Lee , Huy Kang Kim

Dozens of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) can be found on modern vehicles for safety and driving assistance. These ECUs also introduce new security vulnerabilities as recent attacks have been reported by plugging the in-vehicle system or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Qian Wang , Zhaojun Lu , Gang Qu

The development of intrusion detection systems (IDS) for the in-vehicle Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is one of the main efforts being taken to secure the in-vehicle network against various cyberattacks, which have the potential to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shaila Sharmin , Hafizah Mansor , Andi Fitriah Abdul Kadir , Normaziah A. Aziz

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is advancing modern transportation by improving safety, efficiency, and intelligence. However, the reliance on the Controller Area Network (CAN) introduces critical security risks, as CAN-based communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shahid Alam , Amina Jameel , Zahida Parveen , Ehab Alnfrawy , Adeela Ashraf , Raza Uddin , Jamal Aqib

Vehicles today comprise intelligent systems like connected autonomous driving and advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) to enhance the driving experience, which is enabled through increased connectivity to infrastructure and fusion of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Shashwat Khandelwal , Shreejith Shanker

Modern vehicles are equipped with Electronic Control Units (ECU) that are used for controlling important vehicle functions including safety-critical operations. ECUs exchange information via in-vehicle communication buses, of which the…

Modern vehicles rely on a fleet of electronic control units (ECUs) connected through controller area network (CAN) buses for critical vehicular control. With the expansion of advanced connectivity features in automobiles and the elevated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Md Hasan Shahriar , Yang Xiao , Pablo Moriano , Wenjing Lou , Y. Thomas Hou

When it comes to in-vehicle networks (IVNs), the controller area network -- CAN -- bus dominates the market; automobiles manufactured and sold around the world depend on the CAN bus for safety-critical communications between various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Brooke Lampe , Weizhi Meng

Attackers demonstrated the use of remote access to the in-vehicle network of connected vehicles to launch cyber-attacks and remotely take control of these vehicles. Machine-learning-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) techniques have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Mubark B Jedh , Jian Kai Lee , Lotfi ben Othmane

As the central nerve of the intelligent vehicle control system, the in-vehicle network bus is crucial to the security of vehicle driving. One of the best standards for the in-vehicle network is the Controller Area Network (CAN bus)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yongqi Dong , Kejia Chen , Yinxuan Peng , Zhiyuan Ma

Nowadays with the help of advanced technology, modern vehicles are not only made up of mechanical devices but also consist of highly complex electronic devices and connections to the outside world. There are around 70 Electronic Control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Omid Avatefipour , Hafiz Malik

Recent years have seen an exponential rise in complex software-driven functionality in vehicles, leading to a rising number of electronic control units (ECUs), network capabilities, and interfaces. These expanded capabilities also bring-in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Shashwat Khandelwal , Shreejith Shanker

Modern vehicles rely on a myriad of electronic control units (ECUs) interconnected via controller area networks (CANs) for critical operations. Despite their ubiquitous use and reliability, CANs are susceptible to sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 William Marfo , Pablo Moriano , Deepak K. Tosh , Shirley V. Moore

Nowadays, vehicles have complex in-vehicle networks (IVNs) with millions of lines of code controlling almost every function in the vehicle including safety-critical functions. It has recently been shown that IVNs are becoming increasingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Nasser Nowdehi , Wissam Aoudi , Magnus Almgren , Tomas Olovsson

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an essential component of smart transportation systems, enabling seamless interaction among vehicles and infrastructure. In recent years, it has played a progressively significant role in enhancing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Rakib Hossain Sajib , Md. Rokon Mia , Prodip Kumar Sarker , Abdullah Al Noman , Md Arifur Rahman

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is a standard for in-vehicle communication but remains susceptible to cyber-attacks due to its lack of built-in security. This paper presents a multi-stage intrusion detection framework leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Robert Frenken , Sidra Ghayour Bhatti , Hanqin Zhang , Qadeer Ahmed

With the increasing amount of interconnections between vehicles, the attack surface of internal vehicle networks is rising steeply. Although these networks are shielded against external attacks, they often do not have any internal security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Philipp Mundhenk , Andrew Paverd , Artur Mrowca , Sebastian Steinhorst , Martin Lukasiewycz , Suhaib A. Fahmy , Samarjit Chakraborty

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus serves as a standard protocol for facilitating communication among various electronic control units (ECUs) within contemporary vehicles. However, it has been demonstrated that the CAN bus is susceptible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Maloy Kumar Devnath

Rising complexity of in-vehicle electronics is enabling new capabilities like autonomous driving and active safety. However, rising automation also increases risk of security threats which is compounded by lack of in-built security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Shashwat Khandelwal , Eashan Wadhwa , Shreejith Shanker

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has evolved modern transportation through enhanced connectivity and intelligent systems. However, this increased connectivity introduces critical vulnerabilities, making vehicles susceptible to cyber-attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Hop Le , Izzat Alsmadi