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Related papers: Distilling the Unknown to Unveil Certainty

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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect testing samples far away from the in-distribution (ID) training data, which is crucial for the safe deployment of machine learning models in the real world. Distance-based OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Haodong Lu , Dong Gong , Shuo Wang , Jason Xue , Lina Yao , Kristen Moore

Real-world machine learning applications often face simultaneous covariate and semantic shifts, challenging traditional domain generalization and out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods. We introduce Meta-learned Across Domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Haoliang Wang , Chen Zhao , Feng Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect test samples outside the training category space, which is an essential component in building reliable machine learning systems. Existing reviews on OOD detection primarily focus on method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Shuo Lu , Yingsheng Wang , Lijun Sheng , Lingxiao He , Aihua Zheng , Jian Liang

Transformers excel in natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, they still face challenges in generalizing to Out-of-Distribution (OOD) datasets, i.e. data whose distribution differs from that seen during training. OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yijin Zhou , Yutang Ge , Wenyuan Xie , Linqian Zeng , Xiaowen Dong , Yuguang Wang

Moving beyond testing on in-distribution data works on Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection have recently increased in popularity. A recent attempt to categorize OOD data introduces the concept of near and far OOD detection. Specifically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Junjiao Tian , Yen-Change Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Zsolt Kira

Detecting Out-of-Distribution (OOD) sensory data and covariate distribution shift aims to identify new test examples with different high-level image statistics to the captured, normal and In-Distribution (ID) set. Existing OOD detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Christiaan Viviers , Amaan Valiuddin , Francisco Caetano , Lemar Abdi , Lena Filatova , Peter de With , Fons van der Sommen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important building block in trustworthy image recognition systems as unknown classes may arise at test-time. OOD detection methods typically revolve around a single classifier, leading to a split in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Galadrielle Humblot-Renaux , Gianni Franchi , Sergio Escalera , Thomas B. Moeslund

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to discern outliers from the intended data distribution, which is crucial to maintaining high reliability and a good user experience. Most recent studies in OOD detection utilize the information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Hyunsoo Cho , Choonghyun Park , Jaewook Kang , Kang Min Yoo , Taeuk Kim , Sang-goo Lee

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yifan Ding , Arturas Aleksandraus , Amirhossein Ahmadian , Jonas Unger , Fredrik Lindsten , Gabriel Eilertsen

High-performing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, both anomaly and novel class, is an important prerequisite for the practical use of classification models. In this paper, we focus on the species recognition task in images concerned with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 L. E. Hogeweg , R. Gangireddy , D. Brunink , V. J. Kalkman , L. Cornelissen , J. W. Kamminga

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is critical to AI reliability and safety, yet in many practical settings, only a limited amount of training data is available. Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) are a promising class of model on which to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Kevin Raina , Tanya Schmah

Deep neural networks (DNN) have outstanding performance in various applications. Despite numerous efforts of the research community, out-of-distribution (OOD) samples remain a significant limitation of DNN classifiers. The ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Bartlomiej Olber , Krystian Radlak , Adam Popowicz , Michal Szczepankiewicz , Krystian Chachuła

Recent object detectors have achieved impressive accuracy in identifying objects seen during training. However, real-world deployment often introduces novel and unexpected objects, referred to as out-of-distribution (OOD) objects, posing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Quang-Huy Nguyen , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhenzhen Liu , Khanh-Huyen Bui , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Wei-Lun Chao , Dung D. Le

The quantification of uncertainty is important for the adoption of machine learning, especially to reject out-of-distribution (OOD) data back to human experts for review. Yet progress has been slow, as a balance must be struck between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Derek Everett , Andre T. Nguyen , Luke E. Richards , Edward Raff

Open-world classification systems should discern out-of-distribution (OOD) data whose labels deviate from those of in-distribution (ID) cases, motivating recent studies in OOD detection. Advanced works, despite their promising progress, may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Qizhou Wang , Zhen Fang , Yonggang Zhang , Feng Liu , Yixuan Li , Bo Han

The core of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to learn the in-distribution (ID) representation, which is distinguishable from OOD samples. Previous work applied recognition-based methods to learn the ID features, which tend to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Zexin He , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Deep neural networks often struggle to recognize when an input lies outside their training experience, leading to unreliable and overconfident predictions. Building dependable machine learning systems therefore requires methods that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Pirzada Suhail , Rehna Afroz , Amit Sethi

This paper introduces a novel method leveraging bi-encoder-based detectors along with a comprehensive study comparing different out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods in NLP using different feature extractors. The feature extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Louis Owen , Biddwan Ahmed , Abhay Kumar

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for ensuring the robustness of machine learning models by identifying samples that deviate from the training distribution. While traditional OOD detection has primarily focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Shawn Li , Huixian Gong , Hao Dong , Tiankai Yang , Zhengzhong Tu , Yue Zhao