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The Instruction Following (IF) ability measures how well Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) understand exactly what users are telling them and whether they are doing it right. Existing multimodal instruction following training data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Shengyuan Ding , Shenxi Wu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yuhang Zang , Haodong Duan , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Yuhang Cao , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to real-world scenarios, it becomes crucial to understand their ability to follow multiple instructions simultaneously. To systematically evaluate these capabilities, we introduce two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Keno Harada , Yudai Yamazaki , Masachika Taniguchi , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

While large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive instruction-following capabilities, it is still unclear whether and to what extent they can respond to explicit constraints that might be entailed in various instructions. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Yihan Chen , Benfeng Xu , Quan Wang , Yi Liu , Zhendong Mao

Advanced LLMs have achieved near-ceiling instruction-following accuracy on benchmarks such as IFEval. However, these impressive scores do not necessarily translate to reliable services in real-world use, where users often vary their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jianshuo Dong , Yutong Zhang , Yan Liu , Zhenyu Zhong , Tao Wei , Chao Zhang , Han Qiu

Production-grade LLM systems require robust adherence to dozens or even hundreds of instructions simultaneously. However, the instruction-following capabilities of LLMs at high instruction densities have not yet been characterized, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Daniel Jaroslawicz , Brendan Whiting , Parth Shah , Karime Maamari

Recently, the evaluation of Large Language Models has emerged as a popular area of research. The three crucial questions for LLM evaluation are ``what, where, and how to evaluate''. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yue Zhang , Ming Zhang , Haipeng Yuan , Shichun Liu , Yongyao Shi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks, including instruction following, which is crucial for aligning model outputs with user expectations. However, evaluating LLMs' ability to follow…

Instruction-following is a fundamental ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), requiring their generated outputs to follow multiple constraints imposed in input instructions. Numerous studies have attempted to enhance this ability through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bosi Wen , Yilin Niu , Cunxiang Wang , Pei Ke , Xiaoying Ling , Ying Zhang , Aohan Zeng , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow user instructions is central to their reliability, safety, and usefulness. While prior studies assess instruction adherence in the model's main responses, we argue that it is also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yongchan Kwon , Shang Zhu , Federico Bianchi , Kaitlyn Zhou , James Zou

Following multiple instructions is a crucial ability for large language models (LLMs). Evaluating this ability comes with significant challenges: (i) limited coherence between multiple instructions, (ii) positional bias where the order of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Xinyi Chen , Baohao Liao , Jirui Qi , Panagiotis Eustratiadis , Christof Monz , Arianna Bisazza , Maarten de Rijke

Despite widespread deployment of Large Language Models, systematic evaluation of instruction-following capabilities remains challenging. While comprehensive benchmarks exist, focused assessments that quickly diagnose specific instruction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Richard J. Young , Brandon Gillins , Alice M. Matthews

Code readability is crucial for software comprehension and maintenance, yet difficult to assess at scale. Traditional static metrics often fail to capture the subjective, context-sensitive nature of human judgments. Large Language Models…

Instruction-tuned large language models have revolutionized natural language processing and have shown great potential in applications such as conversational agents. These models, such as GPT-4, can not only master language but also solve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yew Ken Chia , Pengfei Hong , Lidong Bing , Soujanya Poria

One core capability of large language models (LLMs) is to follow natural language instructions. However, the issue of automatically constructing high-quality training data to enhance the complex instruction-following abilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Guanting Dong , Keming Lu , Chengpeng Li , Tingyu Xia , Bowen Yu , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) garner significant attention for their unprecedented performance, leading to an increasing number of researches evaluating LLMs. However, these evaluation benchmarks are limited to assessing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yu Sun , Keyu Chen , Shujie Wang , Peiji Li , Qipeng Guo , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang , Dahua Lin

Code large language models (Code LLMs) have made significant progress in code generation by translating natural language descriptions into functional code; however, real-world applications often demand stricter adherence to detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jian Yang , Wei Zhang , Shukai Liu , Linzheng Chai , Yingshui Tan , Jiaheng Liu , Ge Zhang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Guanglin Niu , Zhoujun Li , Binyuan Hui , Junyang Lin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve in natural language processing (NLP), their ability to stably follow instructions in long-context inputs has become critical for real-world applications. However, existing benchmarks seldom focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Xiaodong Wu , Minhao Wang , Yichen Liu , Xiaoming Shi , He Yan , Xiangju Lu , Junmin Zhu , Wei Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) can solve PhD-level reasoning problems over long context inputs, they still struggle with a seemingly simpler task: following explicit length instructions-e.g., write a 10,000-word novel. Additionally,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Wei Zhang , Zhenhong Zhou , Kun Wang , Junfeng Fang , Yuanhe Zhang , Rui Wang , Ge Zhang , Xavier Li , Li Sun , Lingjuan Lyu , Yang Liu , Sen Su

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have found success in real-world applications, their underlying explanatory process is still poorly understood. This paper proposes IBE-Eval, a framework inspired by philosophical accounts on Inference to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Dhairya Dalal , Marco Valentino , André Freitas , Paul Buitelaar

Recently, there has been growing interest in extending the context length of large language models (LLMs), aiming to effectively process long inputs of one turn or conversations with more extensive histories. While proprietary models such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Chenxin An , Shansan Gong , Ming Zhong , Xingjian Zhao , Mukai Li , Jun Zhang , Lingpeng Kong , Xipeng Qiu