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Unlike traditional homogeneous routing problems, the Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HFVRP) involves heterogeneous fixed costs, variable travel costs, and capacity constraints, rendering solution quality highly sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shihong Huang , Shengjie Wang , Lei Gao , Hong Ma , Zhanluo Zhang , Feng Zhang , Weihua Zhou

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an area of growing interest in the field of artificial intelligence due to its many notable applications in diverse fields. Particularly within the context of intelligent vehicle control, RL has made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Rafael Pina , Corentin Artaud , Xiaolan Liu , Varuna De Silva

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies that satisfy certain constraints before deploying them to safety-critical applications. Previous primal-dual style approaches suffer from instability issues and lack optimality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zuxin Liu , Zhepeng Cen , Vladislav Isenbaev , Wei Liu , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Recent years have seen a rise in interest in terms of using machine learning, particularly reinforcement learning (RL), for production scheduling problems of varying degrees of complexity. The general approach is to break down the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Alexandru Rinciog , Anne Meyer

We investigate an entropy-regularized reinforcement learning (RL) approach to optimal stopping problems motivated by real option models. Classical stopping rules are strict and non-randomized, limiting natural exploration in RL settings. To…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Jodi Dianetti , Giorgio Ferrari , Renyuan Xu

The integration of Reinforcement Learning (RL) with heuristic methods is an emerging trend for solving optimization problems, which leverages RL's ability to learn from the data generated during the search process. One promising approach is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Arthur Müller , Lukas Vollenkemper

Detailed routing remains one of the most complex and time-consuming steps in modern physical design due to the challenges posed by shrinking feature sizes and stricter design rules. Prior detailed routers achieve state-of-the-art results by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Afsara Khan , Austin Rovinski

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a promising way for learning navigation in complex autonomous driving scenarios. However, identifying the subtle cues that can indicate drastically different outcomes remains an open problem with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Xiaobai Ma , Jiachen Li , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , David Isele , Kikuo Fujimura

Finding a feasible and prompt solution to the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a prerequisite for efficient freight transportation, seamless logistics, and sustainable mobility. Traditional optimization methods reach their limits when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Elija Deineko , Carina Kehrt

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a framework for learning decision-making from offline data and therefore constitutes a promising approach for real-world applications as automated driving. Self-driving vehicles (SDV) learn a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Christopher Diehl , Timo Sievernich , Martin Krüger , Frank Hoffmann , Torsten Bertram

This paper presents a safe learning-based eco-driving framework tailored for mixed traffic flows, which aims to optimize energy efficiency while guaranteeing safety during real-system operations. Even though reinforcement learning (RL) is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Ke Lu , Dongjun Li , Qun Wang , Kaidi Yang , Lin Zhao , Ziyou Song

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication is becoming critical for the enhanced reliability of autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, the uncertainties in the road-traffic and AVs' wireless connections can severely impair timely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Zijiang Yan , Hina Tabassum

Strategic aggregation of electric vehicle batteries as energy reservoirs can optimize power grid demand, benefiting smart and connected communities, especially large office buildings that offer workplace charging. This involves optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Fangqi Liu , Rishav Sen , Jose Paolo Talusan , Ava Pettet , Aaron Kandel , Yoshinori Suzue , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Abhishek Dubey

Real-time path planning in constrained environments remains a fundamental challenge for autonomous systems. Traditional classical planners, while effective under perfect perception assumptions, are often sensitive to real-world perception…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Feng Tao , Luca Paparusso , Chenyi Gu , Robin Koehler , Chenxu Wu , Xinyu Huang , Christian Juette , David Paz , Ren Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling complex problems. The recent introduction of multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) has further expanded the scope of RL by enabling agents to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Florian Felten , Daniel Gareev , El-Ghazali Talbi , Grégoire Danoy

As a paradigm for sequential decision making in unknown environments, reinforcement learning (RL) has received a flurry of attention in recent years. However, the explosion of model complexity in emerging applications and the presence of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-22 Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei

Unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs) rely on effective path planning and tracking control to accomplish complex tasks in various domains. Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods are becoming increasingly popular in control applications, as they…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-29 Angela Chen , Konstantinos Mitsopoulos , Raffaele Romagnoli

Safety is critical when applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world problems. As a result, safe RL has emerged as a fundamental and powerful paradigm for optimizing an agent's policy while incorporating notions of safety. A prevalent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Akifumi Wachi , Xun Shen , Yanan Sui

Reinforcement learning (RL) is gaining attention by more and more researchers in quantitative finance as the agent-environment interaction framework is aligned with decision making process in many business problems. Most of the current…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-05-31 Huifang Huang , Ting Gao , Yi Gui , Jin Guo , Peng Zhang

Human-driven vehicles (HVs) amplify naturally occurring perturbations in traffic, leading to congestion--a major contributor to increased fuel consumption, higher collision risks, and reduced road capacity utilization. While previous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Bibek Poudel , Weizi Li , Kevin Heaslip