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The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a generative model with continuous latent variables where a pair of probabilistic encoder (bottom-up) and decoder (top-down) is jointly learned by stochastic gradient variational Bayes. We first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-19 Suwon Suh , Seungjin Choi

Hierarchical Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are among the most popular likelihood-based generative models. There is a consensus that the top-down hierarchical VAEs allow effective learning of deep latent structures and avoid problems like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Anna Kuzina , Jakub M. Tomczak

A new form of the variational autoencoder (VAE) is proposed, based on the symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence. It is demonstrated that learning of the resulting symmetric VAE (sVAE) has close connections to previously developed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-23 Liqun Chen , Shuyang Dai , Yunchen Pu , Chunyuan Li , Qinliang Su , Lawrence Carin

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) face a notorious problem wherein the variational posterior often aligns closely with the prior, a phenomenon known as posterior collapse, which hinders the quality of representation learning. To mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-25 Yuma Ichikawa , Koji Hukushima

The reconstruction loss and the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) loss in a variational autoencoder (VAE) often play antagonistic roles, and tuning the weight of the KLD loss in $\beta$-VAE to achieve a balance between the two losses is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jianning Li , Jana Fragemann , Seyed-Ahmad Ahmadi , Jens Kleesiek , Jan Egger

As deep Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) frameworks become more widely used for modeling biomolecular simulation data, we emphasize the capability of the VAE architecture to concurrently maximize the timescale of the latent space while…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-12-08 Hannah K. Wayment-Steele , Vijay S. Pande

Posterior collapse in Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) arises when the variational posterior distribution closely matches the prior for a subset of latent variables. This paper presents a simple and intuitive explanation for posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-07 James Lucas , George Tucker , Roger Grosse , Mohammad Norouzi

In recent years Variation Autoencoders have become one of the most popular unsupervised learning of complicated distributions.Variational Autoencoder (VAE) provides more efficient reconstructive performance over a traditional autoencoder.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-12 Gautam Ramachandra

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are powerful generative models widely used for learning interpretable latent spaces, quantifying uncertainty, and compressing data for downstream generative tasks. VAEs typically rely on diagonal Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Peter Sorrenson , Lukas Lührs , Hans Olischläger , Ullrich Köthe

Variational Autoencoder (VAE)-based generative models offer flexible representation learning by incorporating meta-priors, general premises considered beneficial for downstream tasks. However, the incorporated meta-priors often involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Nao Nakagawa , Ren Togo , Takahiro Ogawa , Miki Haseyama

Variational autoencoders (VAE) are a powerful and widely-used class of models to learn complex data distributions in an unsupervised fashion. One important limitation of VAEs is the prior assumption that latent sample representations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Francesco Paolo Casale , Adrian V Dalca , Luca Saglietti , Jennifer Listgarten , Nicolo Fusi

Variational AutoEncoders (VAEs) provide a means to generate representational latent embeddings. Previous research has highlighted the benefits of achieving representations that are disentangled, particularly for downstream tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Matthew J. Vowels , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

We consider the task of estimating variational autoencoders (VAEs) when the training data is incomplete. We show that missing data increases the complexity of the model's posterior distribution over the latent variables compared to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Vaidotas Simkus , Michael U. Gutmann

Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is a powerful method for learning representations of high-dimensional data. However, VAEs can suffer from an issue known as latent variable collapse (or KL loss vanishing), where the posterior collapses to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Ruizhe Li , Xiao Li , Chenghua Lin , Matthew Collinson , Rui Mao

Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) has been extended as a representative nonlinear method for collaborative filtering. However, the bottleneck of VAE lies in the softmax computation over all items, such that it takes linear costs in the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Jin Chen , Defu Lian , Binbin Jin , Xu Huang , Kai Zheng , Enhong Chen

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are well-established as a principled approach to probabilistic unsupervised learning with neural networks. Typically, an encoder network defines the parameters of a Gaussian distributed latent space from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alan Jeffares , Liyuan Liu

User attributes, such as gender and education, face severe incompleteness in social networks. In order to make this kind of valuable data usable for downstream tasks like user profiling and personalized recommendation, attribute inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Yadong Zhou , Zhihao Ding , Xiaoming Liu , Chao Shen , Lingling Tong , Xiaohong Guan

Recent advances in deep learning have shown their ability to learn strong feature representations for images. The task of image clustering naturally requires good feature representations to capture the distribution of the data and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Vignesh Prasad , Dipanjan Das , Brojeshwar Bhowmick

Variational auto-encoders (VAEs) provide an attractive solution to image generation problem. However, they tend to produce blurred and over-smoothed images due to their dependence on pixel-wise reconstruction loss. This paper introduces a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Salman H. Khan , Munawar Hayat , Nick Barnes

The Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) is one of the most used unsupervised machine learning models. But although the default choice of a Gaussian distribution for both the prior and posterior represents a mathematically convenient distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-28 Tim R. Davidson , Luca Falorsi , Nicola De Cao , Thomas Kipf , Jakub M. Tomczak