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Large language models are known for encoding a vast amount of factual knowledge, but they often becomes outdated due to the ever-changing nature of external information. A promising solution to this challenge is the utilization of model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Nianwen Si , Hao Zhang , Weiqiang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed human writing by enhancing grammar correction, content expansion, and stylistic refinement. However, their widespread use raises concerns about authorship, originality, and ethics, even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhen Tao , Zhiyu Li , Runyu Chen , Dinghao Xi , Wei Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have led to breakthroughs in language tasks, yet the internal mechanisms that enable their remarkable generalization and reasoning abilities remain opaque. This lack of transparency presents challenges such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Haiyan Zhao , Fan Yang , Bo Shen , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Mengnan Du

Interpretability is crucial for ensuring RL systems align with human values. However, it remains challenging to achieve in complex decision making domains. Existing methods frequently attempt interpretability at the level of fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Anna Soligo , Pietro Ferraro , David Boyle

Pervasive polysemanticity in large language models (LLMs) undermines discrete neuron-concept attribution, posing a significant challenge for model interpretation and control. We systematically analyze both encoder and decoder based LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Muhammad Umair Haider , Hammad Rizwan , Hassan Sajjad , Peizhong Ju , A. B. Siddique

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently exhibited impressive general-purpose capabilities by leveraging vision foundation models to encode the core concepts of images into representations. These are then combined with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Sara Ghazanfari , Alexandre Araujo , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

Understanding the mechanisms behind Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for designing improved models and strategies. While recent studies have yielded valuable insights into the mechanisms of textual LLMs, the mechanisms of Multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zeping Yu , Sophia Ananiadou

In recent years, the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing has sparked significant interest among researchers to understand their mechanisms and functional characteristics. Although prior studies…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-08 Yiheng Liu , Zhengliang Liu , Zihao Wu , Junhao Ning , Haiyang Sun , Sichen Xia , Yang Yang , Xiaohui Gao , Ning Qiang , Bao Ge , Tianming Liu , Junwei Han , Xintao Hu

Generative models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive datasets can lead them to memorize and inadvertently reveal sensitive information, raising ethical and privacy concerns.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Zheyuan Liu , Guangyao Dou , Xiangchi Yuan , Chunhui Zhang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Knowledge editing aims to update outdated information in Large Language Models (LLMs). A representative line of study is locate-then-edit methods, which typically employ causal tracing to identify the modules responsible for recalling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Haowen Pan , Xiaozhi Wang , Yixin Cao , Zenglin Shi , Xun Yang , Juanzi Li , Meng Wang

Although instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across various NLP tasks, their effectiveness on other data modalities beyond text has not been fully studied. In this work, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Chenyang Lyu , Minghao Wu , Longyue Wang , Xinting Huang , Bingshuai Liu , Zefeng Du , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

The remarkable capabilities of modern large language models are rooted in their vast repositories of knowledge encoded within their parameters, enabling them to perceive the world and engage in reasoning. The inner workings of how these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yunzhi Yao , Ningyu Zhang , Zekun Xi , Mengru Wang , Ziwen Xu , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous fields, with large language models (LLMs) and computer vision (CV) systems driving advancements in natural language understanding and visual processing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yunkai Dang , Kaichen Huang , Jiahao Huo , Yibo Yan , Sirui Huang , Dongrui Liu , Mengxi Gao , Jie Zhang , Chen Qian , Kun Wang , Yong Liu , Jing Shao , Hui Xiong , Xuming Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) typically have billions of parameters and are thus often difficult to interpret in their operation. In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to decode neuron weights directly into token probabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Harry J Davies

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have played an increasingly important role in multimodal intelligence. However, the existing fine-tuning methods often ignore cross-modal heterogeneity, limiting their full potential. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ruishu Zhu , Sida Huang , Ziheng Jiao , Hongyuan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational tools in natural language processing, powering a wide range of applications and research. Many studies have shown that LLMs share significant similarities with the human brain. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zixuan Qin , Qingchen Yu , Kunlin Lyu , Zhaoxin Fan , Yifan Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherently encode a wealth of knowledge within their parameters through pre-training on extensive corpora. While prior research has delved into operations on these parameters to manipulate the underlying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ming Zhong , Chenxin An , Weizhu Chen , Jiawei Han , Pengcheng He

Training a unified multilingual model promotes knowledge transfer but inevitably introduces negative interference. Language-specific modeling methods show promise in reducing interference. However, they often rely on heuristics to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Shaomu Tan , Di Wu , Christof Monz

With the advancement of Large Language Model (LLM) for natural language processing, this paper presents an intriguing finding: a frozen pre-trained LLM layer can process visual tokens for medical image segmentation tasks. Specifically, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Fenghe Tang , Wenxin Ma , Zhiyang He , Xiaodong Tao , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

Word representation is a fundamental component in neural language understanding models. Recently, pre-trained language models (PrLMs) offer a new performant method of contextualized word representations by leveraging the sequence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Zhuosheng Zhang , Haojie Yu , Hai Zhao , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama