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We apply formal methods to lay and streamline theoretical foundations to reason about Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and cyber-physical attacks. We focus on %a formal treatment of both integrity and DoS attacks to sensors and actuators of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Ruggero Lanotte , Massimo Merro , Riccardo Muradore , Luca Viganò

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as autonomous cars, aircraft, and robots are often also safety-critical; thus it is imperative that they operate as intended with a high degree of certainty. Formal verification has been employed to verify…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Serra Z. Dane , Jiawei Chen , Marc Pouzet , Jean-Baptiste Jeannin

Machine Learning (ML) has achieved great successes in recent decades, both in research and in practice. In Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), ML can for example be used to optimize systems, to detect anomalies or to identify root causes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Henrik S. Steude , Alexander Windmann , Oliver Niggemann

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of software interacting with the physical world, such as robots, vehicles, and industrial processes. CPS are frequently responsible for the safety of lives, property, or the environment, and so software…

Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been rapidly adopted by smart Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) due to their powerful decision-making capabilities. However, they are vulnerable to various security and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Muhammad Shafique , Mahum Naseer , Theocharis Theocharides , Christos Kyrkou , Onur Mutlu , Lois Orosa , Jungwook Choi

The quality and correct functioning of software components embedded in electronic systems are of utmost concern especially for safety and mission-critical systems. Model-based testing and formal verification techniques can be employed to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Shahbaz Ali , Hailong Sun , Yongwang Zhao

Cyber-physical systems have become an essential part of the modern healthcare industry. The healthcare cyber-physical systems (HCPS) combine physical and cyber components to improve the healthcare industry. While HCPS has many advantages,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Malithi Wanniarachchi Kankanamge , Syed Mhamudul Hasan , Abdur R. Shahid , Ning Yang

We apply formal methods to lay and streamline theoretical foundations to reason about Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and physics-based attacks, i.e., attacks targeting physical devices. We focus on a formal treatment of both integrity and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Ruggero Lanotte , Massimo Merro , Andrei Munteanu , Luca Viganò

The rapid evolution of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) across various domains like mobility systems, networked control systems, sustainable manufacturing, smart power grids, and the Internet of Things necessitates innovative solutions that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Andreas A. Malikopoulos

As the era of autonomous cyber-physical systems (ACPSs), such as unmanned aerial vehicles and self-driving cars, unfolds, the demand for robust testing methodologies is key to realizing the adoption of such systems in real-world scenarios.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Christian Birchler , Sajad Khatiri , Pooja Rani , Timo Kehrer , Sebastiano Panichella

Machine learning (ML) is finding its way into safety-critical systems (SCS). Current safety standards and practice were not designed to cope with ML techniques, and it is difficult to be confident that SCSs that contain ML components are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Mehrnoosh Askarpour , Alan Wassyng , Mark Lawford , Richard Paige , Zinovy Diskin

We present recent advances in formal verification and control for autonomous systems with practical safety guarantees enabled by conformal prediction (CP), a statistical tool for uncertainty quantification. This survey is particularly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Lars Lindemann , Yiqi Zhao , Xinyi Yu , George J. Pappas , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Cyber-physical systems (CPS), which integrate algorithmic control with physical processes, often consist of physically distributed components communicating over a network. A malfunctioning or compromised component in such a CPS can lead to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Yuqi Chen , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have been broadly deployed in safety-critical domains, such as automotive systems, avionics, medical devices, etc. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly adopted to control CPS.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jiayang Song , Deyun Lyu , Zhenya Zhang , Zhijie Wang , Tianyi Zhang , Lei Ma

Systems modeling practice lacks security analysis tools that can interface with modeling languages to facilitate security by design. Security by design is a necessity in the age of safety critical cyber-physical systems, where security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Georgios Bakirtzis , Garrett L. Ward , Christopher J. Deloglos , Carl R. Elks , Barry M. Horowitz , Cody H. Fleming

With the rapid development of software and distributed computing, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are widely adopted in many application areas, e.g., smart grid, autonomous automobile. It is difficult to detect defects in CPS models due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Takumi Akazaki , Shuang Liu , Yoriyuki Yamagata , Yihai Duan , Jianye Hao

The first International Workshop on Verification and Validation of Cyber-Physical Systems (V2CPS-16) was held in conjunction with the 12th International Conference on integration of Formal Methods (iFM 2016) in Reykjavik, Iceland. The…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-12-14 Mehdi Kargahi , Ashutosh Trivedi

The growing complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and challenges in ensuring safety and security have led to the increasing use of deep learning methods for accurate and scalable anomaly detection. However, machine learning (ML) models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Xugui Zhou , Maxfield Kouzel , Homa Alemzadeh

Principles of modern cyber-physical system (CPS) analysis are based on analytical methods that depend on whether safety or liveness requirements are considered. Complexity is abstracted through different techniques, ranging from stochastic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Eric M. S. P. Veith , Lars Fischer , Martin Tröschel , Astrid Nieße

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) encounter a large volume of data which is added to the system gradually in real time and not altogether in advance. As the volume of data increases, the domain of the control strategies also increases, and thus…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Andreas A. Malikopoulos