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The nature of sub-Neptunes remains unknown due to degeneracies in interior structure solutions. However, a statistical set of small planets with measured masses and radii can be used to test the planet formation theory prediction of large…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Remo Burn , Komal Bali , Caroline Dorn , Rafael Luque , Simon L. Grimm

Obtaining general relations between macroscopic properties of random assemblies, such as density, and the microscopic properties of their constituent particles, such as shape, is a foundational challenge in the study of amorphous materials.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-05-05 Yoav Kallus

Recent observations of debris discs, believed to be made up of remnant planetesimals, brought a number of surprises. Debris disc presence does not correlate with the host star's metallicity, and may anti-correlate with the presence of gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-15 Mark Fletcher , Sergei Nayakshin

The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) provides a large sample of protoplanetary disks having substructures which could be induced by young forming planets. To explore the properties of planets that may be…

Binary stars are as common as single stars. The number of detected planets orbiting binaries is rapidly increasing thanks to the synergy between transit surveys, Gaia and high-resolution direct imaging campaigns. However, global planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 Julia Venturini , Arianna Nigioni , Maria Paula Ronco , Natacha Jungo , Alexandre Emsenhuber

We use an end-to-end model of planet formation, thermodynamic evolution, and atmospheric escape to investigate how the statistical imprints of evaporation depend on the bulk composition of planetary cores (rocky vs. icy). We find that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 Sheng Jin , Christoph Mordasini

The radii and orbital periods of 4000+ confirmed/candidate exoplanets have been precisely measured by the Kepler mission. The radii show a bimodal distribution, with two peaks corresponding to smaller planets (likely rocky) and larger…

We study the structure and dynamics of the gap created by a protoplanet in an accretion disc. The hydrodynamic equations for a flat, two-dimensional, non-selfgravitating protostellar accretion disc with an embedded, Jupiter sized…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-01 Willy Kley

With their excellent photometric precision and dramatic increase in monitoring frequency, future microlensing survey experiments are expected to be sensitive to very short time-scale, isolated events caused by free-floating and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Cheongho Han , B. Scott Gaudi , Jin H. An , Andrew Gould

Context: Exoplanets have now been proven to be very common. The number of its detections continues to grow following the development of better instruments and missions. One key step for the understanding of these worlds is their…

We present a simple method for fitting parametrized mass models of the Milky Way to observational constraints. We take a Bayesian approach which allows us to take into account input from photometric and kinematic data, and expectations from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 Paul J. McMillan

Planets are often invoked as the cause of inferred gaps or inner clearings in transition disks. These putative planets would interact with the remnant circumstellar disk, accreting gas and generating substantial luminosity. Here I explore…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 J. A. Eisner

Small planets are extremely common in the Galaxy, including planets with masses and radii between those of Earth and Neptune. Characterizing these planets' masses requires ultra-precise radial velocities. The ESPRESSO spectrograph was…

Previous work has established the enhanced occurrence of compact systems of multiple small exoplanets around metal-poor stars. Understanding the origin of this effect in the planet formation process is a topic of ongoing research. Here we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-05 Benjamin T. Liberles , Jason A. Dittmann , Stephen M. Elardo , Sarah Ballard

Employing the data from orbital periods and masses of extra-solar planets in 166 multiple planetary systems, the period-ratio and mass-ratio of adjacent planet pairs are studied. The correlation between the period-ratio and mass-ratio is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Ing-Guey Jiang , Li-Chin Yeh , Wen-Liang Hung

TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017) is an extremely compact planetary system: seven earth-sized planets orbit at distances lower than 0.07 AU around one of the smallest M-dwarf known in the close neighborhood of the Sun (with a mass of less…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-29 Sylvain Breton , Emeline Bolmont , Gabriel Tobie , Stéphane Mathis

Identification of the main planet formation site is fundamental to understanding how planets form and migrate to the current locations. We consider the heavy-element content trend of observed exoplanets derived from improved measurements of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-29 Yasuhiro Hasegawa , Bradley M. S. Hansen , Gautam Vasisht

While recent planet-formation models broadly reproduce the observed population of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes, as well as the bimodal radius distribution (the ``radius valley''), it remains unclear whether all these planets share a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-27 Sho Shibata , Andre Izidoro

The exoplanet mass radius diagram reveals that super Earths display a wide range of radii, and therefore mean densities, at a given mass. Using planet population synthesis models, we explore the key physical factors that shape this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 Matthew Alessi , Julie Inglis , Ralph E. Pudritz