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The known extrasolar multiple-planet systems share a surprising dynamical attribute: they cluster just beyond the Hill stability boundary. Here we show that the planet-planet scattering model, which naturally explains the observed exoplanet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Sean N. Raymond , Rory Barnes , Dimitri Veras , Philip J. Armitage , Noel Gorelick , Richard Greenberg

The growing number of exoplanet discoveries and advances in machine learning techniques have opened new avenues for exploring and understanding the characteristics of worlds beyond our Solar System. In this study, we employ efficient…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-29 Mahdiyar Mousavi-Sadr , Davood M. Jassur , Ghassem Gozaliasl

Planet formation theory suggests that planet bulk compositions are likely to reflect the chemical abundance ratios of their host star's photosphere. Variations in the abundance of particular chemical species in stellar photospheres between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 A. Michel , J. Haldemann , C. Mordasini , Y. Alibert

We present \texttt{ethraid}, an open source Python package designed to measure the mass ($m_c$) and separation ($a$) of a bound companion from measurements covering a fraction of the orbital period. \texttt{ethraid} constrains $m_c$ and $a$…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-26 Judah Van Zandt , Erik Petigura

A new model for terrestrial planet formation (Hansen 2009, Walsh et al. 2011) has explored accretion in a truncated protoplanetary disk, and found that such a configuration is able to reproduce the distribution of mass among the planets in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-15 David P. O'Brien , Kevin J. Walsh , Alessandro Morbidelli , Sean N. Raymond , Avi M. Mandell

The bulk composition of an exoplanet is commonly inferred from its average density. For small planets, however, the average density is not unique within the range of compositions. Variations of a number of important planetary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. R. Adams , S. Seager , L. Elkins-Tanton

Massive and water-rich planets should be ubiquitous in the universe. Many of those worlds are expected to be subject to important irradiation from their host star, and display supercritical water layers surrounded by extended steam…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-18 Artyom Aguichine , Olivier Mousis , Magali Deleuil , Emmanuel Marcq

In planetary systems with sufficiently small inter-planet spacing, close encounters can lead to planetary collisions/mergers or ejections. We study the spin property of the merger products of two giant planets in a statistical manner using…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 Jiaru Li , Dong Lai

Recent observations have revealed a gallery of substructures in the dust component of nearby protoplanetary discs, including rings, gaps, spiral arms, and lopsided concentrations. One interpretation of these substructures is the existence…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Chao-Chin Yang , Zhaohuan Zhu

M dwarfs are prime targets in the hunt for habitable worlds around other stars. This is due to their abundance as well as their small radii and low masses and temperatures, which facilitate the detection of temperate, rocky planets in orbit…

The heavy element content of giant exoplanets, inferred from structure models based on their radius and mass, often exceeds predictions based on classical core accretion. Pebble drift, coupled with volatile evaporation, has been proposed as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-28 Barry O'Donovan , Bertram Bitsch

We present the easy-to-use, publicly available, Python package petitRADTRANS, built for the spectral characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. The code is fast, accurate, and versatile; it can calculate both transmission and emission…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-23 P. Mollière , J. P. Wardenier , R. van Boekel , Th. Henning , K. Molaverdikhani , I. A. G. Snellen

A large sample of planet-planet scattering events for three planet systems with different orbital separations and masses is analyzed with a multiple regression model. The dependence of the time for the onset of instability on the masses of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Francesco Marzari

We present population synthesis calculations of the Tidal Downsizing (TD) hypothesis for planet formation. Our models address the following observations: (i) most abundant planets being Super Earths; (ii) cores more massive than $\sim 5-15…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-06 Sergei Nayakshin , Mark Fletcher

The standard formation model of close-in low-mass planets involves efficient inward migration followed by growth through giant impacts after the protoplanetary gas disk disperses. While detailed N-body simulations have enhanced our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Tadahiro Kimura , Eiichiro Kokubo , Yuji Matsumoto , Christoph Mordasini , Masahiro Ikoma

We present an analytical model for density-split correlation functions, that probe galaxy clustering in different density environments. Specifically, we focus on the cross-correlation between density-split regions and the tracer density…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-23 Mathilde Pinon , Arnaud de Mattia , Étienne Burtin , Vanina Ruhlmann-Kleider , Sandrine Codis , Enrique Paillas , Carolina Cuesta-Lazaro

The research of exoplanets has entered an era in which we characterize extrasolar planets. This has become possible with measurements of radii and luminosities. Meanwhile, radial velocity surveys discover also very low-mass planets. Uniting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 C. Mordasini , Y. Alibert , C. Georgy , K. -M. Dittkrist , H. Klahr , T. Henning

Planet formation models are now often considering the formation of planetary systems, with more than one planet per system. This raises the question of how to represent planetary systems in a convenient way, (e.g. for visualisation purpose)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-10 Yann Alibert

The bulk compositions of small planets ($R_p< 2 \mathrm{R}_\oplus$) are directly linked to their formation histories, making reliable compositional constraints imperative for testing models of planet formation and evolution. Because…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Joseph Schulze , Natalie Hinkel , Wendy Panero , Cayman Unterborn

The recent detection of planets around very low mass stars raises the question of the formation, composition and potential habitability of these objects. We use planetary system formation models to infer the properties, in particular their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-01 Yann Alibert , Willy Benz