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Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (QPUFs) offer a physically grounded approach to secure authentication, extending the capabilities of classical PUFs. This review covers their theoretical foundations and key implementation challenges -…

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are hardware structures in a physical system (e.g. semiconductor, crystals etc.) that are used to enable unique identification of the semiconductor or to secure keys for cryptographic processes. A PUF…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Vladlen Galetsky , Soham Ghosh , Christian Deppe , Roberto Ferrara

A Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a device with unique behaviour that is hard to clone hence providing a secure fingerprint. A variety of PUF structures and PUF-based applications have been explored theoretically as well as being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Myrto Arapinis , Mahshid Delavar , Mina Doosti , Elham Kashefi

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) leverage inherent, non-clonable physical randomness to generate unique input-output pairs, serving as secure fingerprints for cryptographic protocols like authentication. Quantum PUFs (QPUFs) extend this…

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide hardware-level security by exploiting intrinsic randomness to produce device-unique responses. However, machine learning and side-channel attacks increasingly undermine their classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Mohammadreza Vali , Hossein Aghababa , Nasser Yazdani

We propose a theoretical framework to quantitatively describe Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), including extensions to quantum protocols, so-called Quantum Readout PUFs (QR-PUFs). (QR-) PUFs are physical systems with challenge-response…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Giulio Gianfelici , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Sustainable advancement is being made to improve the efficiency of the generation, transmission, and distribution of renewable energy resources, as well as managing them to ensure the reliable operation of the smart grid. Supervisory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-17 Venkata K. V. V. Bathalapalli , Saraju P. Mohanty , Chenyun Pan , Elias Kougianos

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables Information-Theoretically Secure (ITS) key exchange, robust even against future quantum computing threats. However, a fundamental limitation of QKD is the requirement for an authenticated classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Nicolas Laurent-Puig , Mina Doosti , Adriano Innocenzi , Eleni Diamanti

Quantum physical unclonable functions, or QPUFs, are rapidly emerging as theoretical hardware solutions to provide secure cryptographic functionalities such as key-exchange, message authentication, entity identification among others. Recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-15 Niraj Kumar , Rawad Mezher , Elham Kashefi

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have been proposed as a way to identify and authenticate electronic devices. Recently, several ideas have been presented that aim to achieve the same for quantum devices. Some of these constructions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-24 Niklas Pirnay , Anna Pappa , Jean-Pierre Seifert

Recently, major progress has been made towards the realisation of quantum internet to enable a broad range of classically intractable applications. These applications such as delegated quantum computation require running a secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Mina Doosti , Niraj Kumar , Mahshid Delavar , Elham Kashefi

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have been shown to be a highly promising solution for enabling high security systems tailored for low-power devices. Commonly, PUFs are utilised to generate cryptographic keys on-the-fly, replacing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Hongming Fei , Owen Millwood , Gope Prosanta , Jack Miskelly , Biplab Sikdar

Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) offers a secure and lightweight alternative to traditional cryptography for authentication due to their unique device fingerprint. However, their dependence on specialized hardware hinders their adoption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 S M Mostaq Hossain , Sheikh Ghafoor , Kumar Yelamarthi , Venkata Prasanth Yanambaka

Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) has recently attracted interested from both industry and academia as a potential alternative approach to secure Internet of Things (IoT) devices from the more traditional computational based approach using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Abdulaziz Al-Meer , Saif Al-Kuwari

Physical unclonable functions(PUFs) provide a unique fingerprint to a physical entity by exploiting the inherent physical randomness. Gao et al. discussed the vulnerability of most current-day PUFs to sophisticated machine learning-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Kaushik Chakraborty , Mina Doosti , Yao Ma , Chirag Wadhwa , Myrto Arapinis , Elham Kashefi

This paper provides a proof of concept for using SRAM based Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) to generate private keys for IoT devices. PUFs are utilized, as there is inadequate protection for secret keys stored in the memory of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Ashwija Reddy Korenda , Fatemeh Afghah , Bertrand Cambou , Christopher Philabaum

Authentication is a fundamental building block of secure quantum networks, essential for quantum cryptographic protocols and often debated as a key limitation of quantum key distribution (QKD) in security standards. Most quantum-safe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Suchetana Goswami , Mina Doosti , Elham Kashefi

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are hardware security primitives whose inherent physical complexity can be exploited for secure authentication and cryptographic key generation. Silicon photonic devices, owing to their suitability for…

This paper, for the first time, addresses the questions related to the connections between the quantum pseudorandomness and quantum hardware assumptions, specifically quantum physical unclonable functions (qPUFs). Our results show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 Mina Doosti , Niraj Kumar , Elham Kashefi , Kaushik Chakraborty

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing systems has intensified the need for robust, hardware-rooted trust mechanisms capable of ensuring device authenticity and AI model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Maryam Taghi Zadeh , Mohsen Ahmadi
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