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The burgeoning complexity of contemporary deep learning models, while achieving unparalleled accuracy, has inadvertently introduced deployment challenges in resource-constrained environments. Knowledge distillation, a technique aiming to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Sia Gholami , Marwan Omar

Large language models (LLMs) excel in complex reasoning tasks, and distilling their reasoning capabilities into smaller models has shown promise. However, we uncover an interesting phenomenon, which we term the Small Model Learnability Gap:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuetai Li , Xiang Yue , Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Pretrained language models (LMs) have shown compelling performance on various downstream tasks, but unfortunately they require a tremendous amount of inference compute. Knowledge distillation finds a path to compress LMs to small ones with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Chen Zhang , Yang Yang , Jiahao Liu , Jingang Wang , Yunsen Xian , Benyou Wang , Dawei Song

We propose a distillation scaling law that estimates distilled model performance based on a compute budget and its allocation between the student and teacher. Our findings mitigate the risks associated with large-scale distillation by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Dan Busbridge , Amitis Shidani , Floris Weers , Jason Ramapuram , Etai Littwin , Russ Webb

Transferring the reasoning capability from stronger large language models (LLMs) to smaller ones has been quite appealing, as smaller LLMs are more flexible to deploy with less expense. Among the existing solutions, knowledge distillation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yijun Tian , Yikun Han , Xiusi Chen , Wei Wang , Nitesh V. Chawla

Model distillation is a fundamental technique in building large language models (LLMs), transferring knowledge from a teacher model to a student model. However, distillation can lead to model homogenization, reducing diversity among models…

Knowledge distillation (KD) aims to transfer knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model. Previous work applying KD in the field of large language models (LLMs) typically focused on the post-training phase, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hao Peng , Xin Lv , Yushi Bai , Zijun Yao , Jiajie Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Recent years have witnessed dramatically improvements in the knowledge distillation, which can generate a compact student model for better efficiency while retaining the model effectiveness of the teacher model. Previous studies find that:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Lehan Yang , Jincen Song

The widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is hindered by the high computational demands, making knowledge distillation (KD) crucial for developing compact smaller ones. However, the conventional KD methods endure the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zengkui Sun , Yijin Liu , Fandong Meng , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Over the past year, the emergence of transfer learning with large-scale language models (LM) has led to dramatic performance improvements across a broad range of natural language understanding tasks. However, the size and memory footprint…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Luke Melas-Kyriazi , George Han , Celine Liang

Knowledge distillation generally assumes a strong-to-weak relationship where stronger teachers yield better students. In this work, we examine this assumption about distillation in large language model pretraining. By varying architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Taiming Lu , Zhuang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in various tasks, yet their vast parameter sizes restrict their applicability in resource-constrained settings. Knowledge distillation (KD) offers a viable solution by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Jiaming Shen , Tianqi Liu , Haorui Wang , Zhen Qin , Feng Han , Jialu Liu , Simon Baumgartner , Michael Bendersky , Chao Zhang

Despite the advanced intelligence abilities of large language models (LLMs) in various applications, they still face significant computational and storage demands. Knowledge Distillation (KD) has emerged as an effective strategy to improve…

Post-training of language models (LMs) increasingly relies on the following two stages: (i) knowledge distillation, where the LM is trained to imitate a larger teacher LM, and (ii) reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Daniil Tiapkin , Daniele Calandriello , Johan Ferret , Sarah Perrin , Nino Vieillard , Alexandre Ramé , Mathieu Blondel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have displayed remarkable performances across various complex tasks by leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. Recently, studies have proposed a Knowledge Distillation (KD) approach, reasoning distillation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Hojae Lee , Junho Kim , SangKeun Lee

The recent surge in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has showcased their remarkable potential for achieving generalized intelligence by integrating visual understanding into Large Language Models.Nevertheless, the sheer model size…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shilin Xu , Xiangtai Li , Haobo Yuan , Lu Qi , Yunhai Tong , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Knowledge distillation aims at obtaining a compact and effective model by learning the mapping function from a much larger one. Due to the limited capacity of the student, the student would underfit the teacher. Therefore, student…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Jia Guo , Minghao Chen , Yao Hu , Chen Zhu , Xiaofei He , Deng Cai

Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers capabilities from large language models (LLMs) to smaller students, yet it can fail unpredictably and also underpins model leakage risks. Our analysis revealed several distillation traps: tail noise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Weixiao Zhan , Yongcheng Jing , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success across multimodal tasks, yet their substantial computational demands hinder efficient deployment. Knowledge distillation (KD) has emerged as a powerful approach for building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pume Tuchinda , Parinthapat Pengpun , Romrawin Chumpu , Sarana Nutanong , Peerat Limkonchotiwat

Recent advances in Entity Resolution (ER) have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs), achieving strong performance but at the cost of substantial computational resources or high financial overhead. Existing LLM-based ER approaches operate…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alexandros Zeakis , George Papadakis , Dimitrios Skoutas , Manolis Koubarakis
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