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Segmentation of anatomical shapes from medical images has taken an important role in the automation of clinical measurements. While typical deep-learning segmentation approaches are performed on discrete voxels, the underlying objects being…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Nil Stolt-Ansó , Julian McGinnis , Jiazhen Pan , Kerstin Hammernik , Daniel Rueckert

Surgical tool segmentation in endoscopic images is an important problem: it is a crucial step towards full instrument pose estimation and it is used for integration of pre- and intra-operative images into the endoscopic view. While many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Daniil Pakhomov , Wei Shen , Nassir Navab

In this work, we present the physics-informed neural network (PINN) model applied particularly to dynamic problems in solid mechanics. We focus on forward and inverse problems. Particularly, we show how a PINN model can be used efficiently…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Vijay Kag , Venkatesh Gopinath

Deep learning-based medical image segmentation techniques have shown promising results when evaluated based on conventional metrics such as the Dice score or Intersection-over-Union. However, these fully automatic methods often fail to meet…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Liu Li , Qiang Ma , Cheng Ouyang , Johannes C. Paetzold , Daniel Rueckert , Bernhard Kainz

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are neural networks that embed the laws of dynamical systems modeled by differential equations into their loss function as constraints. In this work, we present a PINN framework applied to oncology.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Kayode Olumoyin , Katarzyna Rejniak

Numerical modeling errors are unavoidable in finite element analysis. The presence of model errors inherently reflects both model accuracy and uncertainty. To date there have been few methods for explicitly quantifying errors at points of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Bozhou Zhuang , Sashank Rana , Brandon Jones , Danny Smyl

Image segmentation has come a long way since the early days of computer vision, and still remains a challenging task. Modern variations of the classical (purely bottom-up) approach, involve, e.g., some form of user assistance (interactive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Eyasu Zemene , Leulseged Tesfaye Alemu , Marcello Pelillo

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a newly emerging research frontier in machine learning, which incorporate certain physical laws that govern a given data set, e.g., those described by partial differential equations (PDEs), into…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Bo Wang , A. K. Qin , Sajjad Shafiei , Hussein Dia , Adriana-Simona Mihaita , Hanna Grzybowska

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their variants have been very popular in recent years as algorithms for the numerical simulation of both forward and inverse problems for partial differential equations. This article aims to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra

The recently proposed Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a general tool for image segmentation, but it requires additional adaptation and careful fine-tuning for medical image segmentation, especially for small, irregularly-shaped, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Yaxi Chen , Aleksandra Ivanova , Shaheer U. Saeed , Rikin Hargunani , Jie Huang , Chaozong Liu , Yipeng Hu

Superpixels have long been used in image simplification to enable more efficient data processing and storage. However, despite their computational potential, their irregular spatial distribution has often forced deep learning approaches to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Jack Roberts , Jeova Farias Sales Rocha Neto

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) have long been recognized as powerful tools for image processing and analysis, providing a framework to model and exploit structural and geometric properties inherent in visual data. Over the years,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Alejandro Garnung Menéndez

Stiff differential equations are prevalent in various scientific domains, posing significant challenges due to the disparate time scales of their components. As computational power grows, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have led to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Emilien Seiler , Wanzhou Lei , Pavlos Protopapas

Consistent surgical instrument segmentation is critical for automation in robot-assisted surgery. Yet, existing methods only treat instrument-level instance segmentation (IIS) or part-level semantic segmentation (PSS) separately, without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Meng Wei , Charlie Budd , Oluwatosin Alabi , Miaojing Shi , Tom Vercauteren

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) models the dynamics of a system by integrating the governing physical laws into the architecture of a neural network. By enforcing physical laws as constraints, PINN overcomes challenges with data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Pengtao Dang , Tingbo Guo , Melissa Fishel , Guang Lin , Wenzhuo Wu , Sha Cao , Chi Zhang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) impose known physical laws into the learning of deep neural networks, making sure they respect the physics of the process while decreasing the demand of labeled data. For systems represented by…

Deep neural network models used for medical image segmentation are large because they are trained with high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images. Graphics processing units (GPUs) are widely used to accelerate the trainings. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Haruki Imai , Samuel Matzek , Tung D. Le , Yasushi Negishi , Kiyokuni Kawachiya

Sketches, with their expressive potential, allow humans to convey the essence of an object through even a rough contour. For the first time, we harness this expressive potential to improve segmentation performance in challenging tasks like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Ying Zang , Runlong Cao , Jianqi Zhang , Yidong Han , Ziyue Cao , Wenjun Hu , Didi Zhu , Lanyun Zhu , Zejian Li , Deyi Ji , Tianrun Chen

Whole-slide images (WSIs) are fundamental for computational pathology, where accurate lesion segmentation is critical for clinical decision making. Existing methods partition WSIs into discrete patches, disrupting spatial continuity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yunheng Wu , Wenqi Huang , Liangyi Wang , Masahiro Oda , Yuichiro Hayashi , Daniel Rueckert , Kensaku Mori

Accurately simulating systems governed by PDEs, such as voltage fields in cardiac electrophysiology (EP) modelling, remains a significant modelling challenge. Traditional numerical solvers are computationally expensive and sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Hannah Lydon , Milad Kazemi , Martin Bishop , Nicola Paoletti