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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world decision-making, including in the domain of public policy. Yet, their ability to comprehend and reason about policy-related content remains underexplored. To fill this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Han Bao , Penghao Zhang , Yue Huang , Zhengqing Yuan , Yanchi Ru , Rui Su , Yujun Zhou , Xiangqi Wang , Kehan Guo , Nitesh V Chawla , Yanfang Ye , Xiangliang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular in pervasive computing due to their versatility and strong performance. However, despite their ubiquitous use, the exact mechanisms underlying their outstanding performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alhassan Abdelhalim , Janick Edinger , Sören Laue , Michaela Regneri

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing, yet their decision-making processes often lack transparency. This opaqueness raises significant concerns regarding trust, bias, and model…

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) highlight the need to align their behaviors with human values. A critical, yet understudied, issue is the potential divergence between an LLM's stated preferences (its reported alignment with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhuojun Gu , Quan Wang , Shuchu Han

Large language models (LLMs) enable researchers to analyze text at unprecedented scale and minimal cost. Researchers can now revisit old questions and tackle novel ones with rich data. We provide an econometric framework for realizing this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-08 Jens Ludwig , Sendhil Mullainathan , Ashesh Rambachan

Large language models are now used daily for writing, search, and analysis, and their natural language understanding continues to improve. However, they remain unreliable on exact numerical calculation and on producing outputs that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Hendrika Maclean , Mert Can Cakmak , Muzakkiruddin Ahmed Mohammed , Shames Al Mandalawi , John Talburt

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language processing. However, their internal mechanisms are still unclear and this lack of transparency poses unwanted risks for downstream applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Haiyan Zhao , Hanjie Chen , Fan Yang , Ninghao Liu , Huiqi Deng , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Mengnan Du

Recent advances in generative AI have led to remarkable interest in using systems that rely on large language models (LLMs) for practical applications. However, meaningful evaluation of these systems in real-world scenarios comes with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ethan M. Rudd , Christopher Andrews , Philip Tully

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), a large number of machine learning models have been developed to assist programming tasks including the generation of program code from natural language input. However, how to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

The number and dynamic nature of web and mobile applications presents significant challenges for assessing their compliance with data protection laws. In this context, symbolic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , Ian Yang , Jose M. Del Alamo , Norman Sadeh

Propositional Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a popular formalism for specifying desirable requirements and security and privacy policies for software, networks, and systems. Yet expressing such requirements and policies in LTL remains…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Priscilla Kyei Danso , Mohammad Saqib Hasan , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Omar Chowdhury

Existing math datasets evaluate the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) by either using the final answer or the intermediate reasoning steps derived from static examples. However, the former approach fails to surface model's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Xiaodong Yu , Ben Zhou , Hao Cheng , Dan Roth

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in various natural language tasks but face significant challenges in mathematical reasoning, particularly in executing precise, multi-step logic. However, current evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tiasa Singha Roy , Aditeya Baral , Ayush Rajesh Jhaveri , Yusuf Baig

This work presents a novel systematic methodology to analyse the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) with feedback from a formal inference engine, on logic theory induction. The analysis is complexity-graded w.r.t.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 João Pedro Gandarela , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are fundamentally next-token prediction systems, their practical applications extend far beyond this basic function. From natural language processing and text generation to conversational assistants and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Vishakha Agrawal , Archie Chaudhury , Shreya Agrawal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in solving various tasks, progressively evolving into general-purpose assistants. The increasing integration of LLMs into society has sparked interest in whether they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yuan Li , Yue Huang , Hongyi Wang , Ying Cheng , Xiangliang Zhang , James Zou , Lichao Sun

While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text generation and reasoning, their ability to simulate human decision-making -- particularly in political contexts -- remains an open question. However, modeling voter behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Chenxiao Yu , Jinyi Ye , Yuangang Li , Zheng Li , Emilio Ferrara , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao

In multi-agent tasks, the central challenge lies in the dynamic adaptation of strategies. However, directly conditioning on opponents' strategies is intractable in the prevalent deep reinforcement learning paradigm due to a fundamental…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yue Lin , Shuhui Zhu , Wenhao Li , Ang Li , Dan Qiao , Pascal Poupart , Hongyuan Zha , Baoxiang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have significant potential to improve operational efficiency in operations management. Deploying these models requires specifying a policy that governs response quality, shapes user experience, and influences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Mingjie Hu , Siyang Gao , Jian-qiang Hu , Enlu Zhou

The evaluation of open-ended responses in serious games presents a unique challenge, as correctness is often subjective. Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored as evaluators in such contexts, yet their accuracy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Andrés Isaza-Giraldo , Paulo Bala , Lucas Pereira