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We investigate the equational theory of Kleene algebra terms with variable complements -- (language) complement where it applies only to variables -- w.r.t. languages. While the equational theory w.r.t. languages coincides with the language…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Yoshiki Nakamura , Ryoma Sin'ya

We extend the formalisation of confluence results in Kleene algebras to a formalisation of coherent confluence proofs. For this, we introduce the structure of higher globular Kleene algebra, a higher-dimensional generalisation of modal and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Cameron Calk , Eric Goubault , Philippe Malbos , Georg Struth

In this paper, we show that the equational theory of relational Kleene algebra with the \emph{graph loop} operator (a.k.a.~\emph{fixset}) is \textsc{PSpace}-complete. Here, the graph loop is the unary operator that restricts a binary…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yoshiki Nakamura

A structural theorem for Kleene algebras is proved, showing that an element of a Kleene algebra can be looked upon as an ordered pair of sets. Further, we show that negation with the Kleene property (called the `Kleene negation') always…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-07-24 Arun Kumar , Mohua Banerjee

In the present paper, we introduce a multi-type calculus for the logic of measurable Kleene algebras, for which we prove soundness, completeness, conservativity, cut elimination and subformula property. Our proposal imports ideas and…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-05-22 Giuseppe Greco , Fei Liang , Alessandra Palmigiano

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is a variation on Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) that arises by restricting the union ($+$) and iteration ($*$) operations from KAT to predicate-guarded versions. We develop the (co)algebraic theory…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Steffen Smolka , Nate Foster , Justin Hsu , Tobias Kappé , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

First we identify the free algebras of the class of algebras of binary relations equipped with the composition and domain operations. Elements of the free algebras are pointed labelled finite rooted trees. Then we extend to the analogous…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-09-30 Brett McLean

TopKAT is the algebraic theory of Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) extended with a top element. Compared to KAT, one pleasant feature of TopKAT is that, in relational models, the top element allows us to express the domain and codomain of a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Cheng Zhang , Arthur Azevedo de Amorim , Marco Gaboardi

We define and study basic properties of *-continuous Kleene $\omega$-algebras that involve a *-continuous Kleene algebra with a *-continuous action on a semimodule and an infinite product operation that is also *-continuous. We show that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-07 Zoltán Ésik , Uli Fahrenberg , Axel Legay

Kleene algebra (KA) is an important tool for reasoning about general program equivalences, with a decidable and complete equational theory. However, KA cannot always prove equivalences between specific programs. For this purpose, one adds…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Liam Chung , Tobias Kappé

Kleene algebra (KA) is the algebra of regular events. Familiar examples of Kleene algebras include regular sets, relational algebras, and trace algebras. A Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a Kleene algebra with an embedded Boolean…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-01-16 James Worthington

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is an efficient fragment of KAT, as it allows for almost linear decidability of equivalence. In this paper, we study the (co)algebraic properties of GKAT. Our initial focus is on the fragment that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Todd Schmid , Tobias Kappé , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

We propose a generalisation of concurrent Kleene algebra \cite{Hoa09} that can take account of probabilistic effects in the presence of concurrency. The algebra is proved sound with respect to a model of automata modulo a variant of rooted…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-31 Annabelle McIver , Tahiry Rabehaja , Georg Struth

We consider Kleene and Stone algebras defined on the completion DM(RS) of the ordered set of rough sets induced by a reflexive relation. We focus on cases where the completion forms a spatial and completely distributive lattice. We derive…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Jouni Järvinen , Sándor Radeleczki

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a foundational equational framework for reasoning about programs, which has found applications in program transformations, networking and compiler optimizations, among many other areas. In his seminal…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Cheng Zhang , Arthur Azevedo de Amorim , Marco Gaboardi

We show how concurrent quantales and concurrent Kleene algebras arise as convolution algebras $Q^X$ of functions from structures $X$ with two ternary relations that satisfy relational interchange laws into concurrent quantales or Kleene…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-07 James Cranch , Simon Doherty , Georg Struth

Energy problems are important in the formal analysis of embedded or autonomous systems. Using recent results on star-continuous Kleene omega-algebras, we show here that energy problems can be solved by algebraic manipulations on the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Zoltán Ésik , Uli Fahrenberg , Axel Legay

We present a reflexive tactic for deciding the equational theory of Kleene algebras in the Coq proof assistant. This tactic relies on a careful implementation of efficient finite automata algorithms, so that it solves casual equations…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Thomas Braibant , Damien Pous

We present a Coq library about Kleene algebra with tests, including a proof of their completeness over the appropriate notion of languages, a decision procedure for their equational theory, and tools for exploiting hypotheses of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Damien Pous

We reconstruct Peleg's concurrent dynamic logic in the context of modal Kleene algebras. We explore the algebraic structure of its multirelational semantics and develop an abstract axiomatisation of concurrent dynamic algebras from that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-07-23 Hitoshi Furusawa , Georg Struth