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We propose a 'legal approach' to hate speech detection by operationalization of the decision as to whether a post is subject to criminal law into an NLP task. Comparing existing regulatory regimes for hate speech, we base our investigation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Frederike Zufall , Marius Hamacher , Katharina Kloppenborg , Torsten Zesch

For automatically identifying hate speech and offensive content in tweets, a system based on a classical supervised algorithm only fed with character n-grams, and thus completely language-agnostic, is proposed by the SATLab team. After its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Yves Bestgen

Well-annotated data is a prerequisite for good Natural Language Processing models. Too often, though, annotation decisions are governed by optimizing time or annotator agreement. We make a case for nuanced efforts in an interdisciplinary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Federico Bianchi , Stefanie Anja Hills , Patricia Rossini , Dirk Hovy , Rebekah Tromble , Nava Tintarev

We perform text normalization, i.e. the transformation of words from the written to the spoken form, using a memory augmented neural network. With the addition of dynamic memory access and storage mechanism, we present a neural architecture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Subhojeet Pramanik , Aman Hussain

Vietnamese Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) remains challenging due to ambiguous acoustic patterns and the lack of reliable annotated data, especially in real-world conditions where emotional boundaries are not clearly separable. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Truc Nguyen , Then Tran , Binh Truong , Phuoc Nguyen T. H

Abusive speech on social media poses a persistent and evolving challenge, driven by the continuous emergence of novel slang and obfuscated terms designed to circumvent detection systems. In this work, we present a data efficient strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Pritish N. Desai , Tanay Kewalramani , Srimanta Mandal

This paper evaluates data augmentation and feature enhancement techniques for hate speech detection, comparing traditional classifiers, e.g., Delta Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (Delta TF-IDF), with transformer-based models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Brian Jing Hong Nge , Stefan Su , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Alexandra Phelan , Naomi Pfitzner

Toxic online speech has become a crucial problem nowadays due to an exponential increase in the use of internet by people from different cultures and educational backgrounds. Differentiating if a text message belongs to hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Bencheng Wei , Jason Li , Ajay Gupta , Hafiza Umair , Atsu Vovor , Natalie Durzynski

Abstract End-to-end text-to-speech (TTS) systems has proved its great success in the presence of a large amount of high-quality training data recorded in anechoic room with high-quality microphone. Another approach is to use available…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-22 Viet Lam Phung , Phan Huy Kinh , Anh Tuan Dinh , Quoc Bao Nguyen

The proliferation of hate speech on social media is one of the serious issues that is bringing huge impacts to society: an escalation of violence, discrimination, and social fragmentation. The problem of detecting hate speech is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Anwar Hossain Zahid , Monoshi Kumar Roy , Swarna Das

The massive spread of hate speech, hateful content targeted at specific subpopulations, is a problem of critical social importance. Automated methods of hate speech detection typically employ state-of-the-art deep learning (DL)-based text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Automatic hate speech detection using deep neural models is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasets, leading to poor generalization. To mitigate this problem, generative AI has been utilized to generate large amounts of synthetic hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Sagi Pendzel , Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Text normalization, or the process of transforming text into a consistent, canonical form, is crucial for speech applications such as text-to-speech synthesis (TTS). In TTS, the system must decide whether to verbalize "1995" as "nineteen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Jae Hun Ro , Felix Stahlberg , Ke Wu , Shankar Kumar

In this paper we examine methods to detect hate speech in social media, while distinguishing this from general profanity. We aim to establish lexical baselines for this task by applying supervised classification methods using a recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Shervin Malmasi , Marcos Zampieri

The phenomenal growth on the internet has helped in empowering individual's expressions, but the misuse of freedom of expression has also led to the increase of various cyber crimes and anti-social activities. Hate speech is one such issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal , Dipankar Das

Social media platforms are increasingly dominated by long-form multimodal content, where harmful narratives are constructed through a complex interplay of audio, visual, and textual cues. While automated systems can flag hate speech with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Diptesh Kanojia

Most current approaches to characterize and detect hate speech focus on \textit{content} posted in Online Social Networks. They face shortcomings to collect and annotate hateful speech due to the incompleteness and noisiness of OSN text and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Pedro H. Calais , Yuri A. Santos , Virgílio A. F. Almeida , Wagner Meira

We present VietNormalizer1, an open-source, zero-dependency Python library for Vietnamese text normalization targeting Text-to-Speech (TTS) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. Vietnamese text normalization is a critical yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Hung Vu Nguyen , Loan Do , Thanh Ngoc Nguyen , Ushik Shrestha Khwakhali , Thanh Pham , Vinh Do , Charlotte Nguyen , Hien Nguyen

Standard approaches to hate speech detection rely on sufficient available hate speech annotations. Extending previous work that repurposes natural language inference (NLI) models for zero-shot text classification, we propose a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Janis Goldzycher , Gerold Schneider

Islamophobic language on online platforms fosters intolerance, making detection and elimination crucial for promoting harmony. Traditional hate speech detection models rely on NLP techniques like tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Azmine Toushik Wasi