Related papers: Omitted Labels Induce Nontransitive Paradoxes in C…

Many social and biological networks periodically change over time with daily, weekly, and other cycles. Thus motivated, we formulate and analyze susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) epidemic models over temporal networks with periodic…

If a quantum system is prepared and later post-selected in certain states, "paradoxical" predictions for intermediate measurements can be obtained. This is the case both when the intermediate measurement is strong, i.e. a projective…

Learning from label proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised setting for classification in which unlabeled training instances are grouped into bags, and each bag is annotated with the proportion of each class occurring in that bag. Prior…

Social contexts -- such as families, schools, and neighborhoods -- shape life outcomes. The key question is not simply whether they matter, but rather for whom and under what conditions. Here, we argue that prediction gaps -- differences in…

Individual choices often depend on the order in which the decisions are made. In this paper, we expose a general theory of measurable systems (an example of which is an individual's preferences) allowing for incompatible (non-commuting)…

Either human annotation or rule based automatic labeling is an effective method to augment data for relation extraction. However, the inevitable wrong labeling problem for example by distant supervision may deteriorate the performance of…

Despite alarm over the reliance of machine learning systems on so-called spurious patterns, the term lacks coherent meaning in standard statistical frameworks. However, the language of causality offers clarity: spurious associations are due…

Semi-supervised learning deals with the problem of how, if possible, to take advantage of a huge amount of unclassified data, to perform a classification in situations when, typically, there is little labeled data. Even though this is not…

Models of growing networks are a central topic in network science. In these models, vertices are usually labeled by their arrival time, distinguishing even those node pairs whose structural roles are identical. In contrast, unlabeled…

The classical setting of community detection consists of networks exhibiting a clustered structure. To more accurately model real systems we consider a class of networks (i) whose edges may carry labels and (ii) which may lack a clustered…

Network analysis provides powerful tools to learn about a variety of social systems. However, most analyses implicitly assume that the considered relational data is error-free, reliable and accurately reflects the system to be analysed.…

This paper frames causal structure estimation as a machine learning task. The idea is to treat indicators of causal relationships between variables as `labels' and to exploit available data on the variables of interest to provide features…

It is common in instrumental variable studies for instrument values to be missing, for example when the instrument is a genetic test in Mendelian randomization studies. In this paper we discuss two apparent paradoxes that arise in so-called…

Semi-supervised learning is a challenging problem which aims to construct a model by learning from a limited number of labeled examples. Numerous methods have been proposed to tackle this problem, with most focusing on utilizing the…

In this paper, we present a paradox arising from the acceptance of the Law of Excluded Middle (LEM) within classical mathematics. Specifically, we construct a nonzero analytic function on a connected open subset of the complex plane whose…

We perform sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of missing data on the structural properties of social networks. The social network is conceived of as being generated by a bipartite graph, in which actors are linked together via…

Classification, the process of assigning a label (or class) to an observation given its features, is a common task in many applications. Nonetheless in most real-life applications, the labels can not be fully explained by the observed…

Odds ratios and log-linear parameters are not collapsible, meaning that including a variable into the analysis or omitting one from it, may change the strength of association among the remaining variables. Even the direction of association…

The study of sorting permutations by block interchanges has recently been stimulated by a phenomenon observed in the genome maintenance of certain ciliate species. The result was the identification of a block interchange operation that…

In a standard multi-output classification scenario, both features and labels of training data are partially observed. This challenging issue is widely witnessed due to sensor or database failures, crowd-sourcing and noisy communication…