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Self-supervised pre-training of large-scale transformer models on text corpora followed by finetuning has achieved state-of-the-art on a number of natural language processing tasks. Recently, Lu et al. (2021, arXiv:2103.05247) claimed that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Danielle Rothermel , Margaret Li , Tim Rocktäschel , Jakob Foerster

Language Models (LMs) can perform new tasks by adapting to a few in-context examples. For humans, explanations that connect examples to task principles can improve learning. We therefore investigate whether explanations of few-shot examples…

We present an approach to interactive-predictive neural machine translation that attempts to reduce human effort from three directions: Firstly, instead of requiring humans to select, correct, or delete segments, we employ the idea of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Tsz Kin Lam , Julia Kreutzer , Stefan Riezler

Fine-tuning pre-trained generative language models to down-stream language generation tasks has shown promising results. However, this comes with the cost of having a single, large model for each task, which is not ideal in low-memory/power…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

Despite the continuous research and evolution of language models, they sometimes underperform previous versions. Existing approaches to overcome these challenges are resource-intensive, highlighting the need for alternatives that enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Namkyung Yoon , Kyeonghyun Yoo , Wooyong Jung , Sanghong Kim , Hwangnam Kim

Modern LLMs struggle with efficient updates, as each new pretrained model version requires repeating expensive alignment processes. This challenge also applies to domain- or languagespecific models, where fine-tuning on specialized data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Pin-Jie Lin , Rishab Balasubramanian , Fengyuan Liu , Nikhil Kandpal , Tu Vu

We propose a new finetuning method to provide pre-trained large language models (LMs) the ability to scale test-time compute through the diffusion framework. By increasing the number of diffusion steps, we show our finetuned models achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Although pre-trained language models encode generic knowledge beneficial for planning and control, they may fail to generate appropriate control policies for domain-specific tasks. Existing fine-tuning methods use human feedback to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yunhao Yang , Neel P. Bhatt , Tyler Ingebrand , William Ward , Steven Carr , Zhangyang Wang , Ufuk Topcu

Pre-trained models have been shown effective in many code intelligence tasks. These models are pre-trained on large-scale unlabeled corpus and then fine-tuned in downstream tasks. However, as the inputs to pre-training and downstream tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Chaozheng Wang , Yuanhang Yang , Cuiyun Gao , Yun Peng , Hongyu Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

We propose a new architecture for adapting a sentence-level sequence-to-sequence transformer by incorporating multiple pretrained document context signals and assess the impact on translation performance of (1) different pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Domenic Donato , Lei Yu , Chris Dyer

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Fine-tuning pre-trained Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models is the dominant approach for adapting to new languages and domains. However, fine-tuning requires adapting and maintaining a separate model for each target task. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Ankur Bapna , Naveen Arivazhagan , Orhan Firat

As the landscape of large language models expands, efficiently finetuning for specific tasks becomes increasingly crucial. At the same time, the landscape of parameter-efficient finetuning methods rapidly expands. Consequently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tobias Strangmann , Lennart Purucker , Jörg K. H. Franke , Ivo Rapant , Fabio Ferreira , Frank Hutter

In the growing domain of scientific machine learning, in-context operator learning has shown notable potential in building foundation models, as in this framework the model is trained to learn operators and solve differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Liu Yang , Siting Liu , Stanley J. Osher

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising avenue for machine translation (MT). However, current LLM-based MT systems are brittle: their effectiveness highly depends on the choice of few-shot examples and they often require extra…

With the great success of pre-trained models, the pretrain-then-finetune paradigm has been widely adopted on downstream tasks for source code understanding. However, compared to costly training a large-scale model from scratch, how to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Deze Wang , Zhouyang Jia , Shanshan Li , Yue Yu , Yun Xiong , Wei Dong , Xiangke Liao

It is today acknowledged that neural network language models outperform backoff language models in applications like speech recognition or statistical machine translation. However, training these models on large amounts of data can take…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-07-08 Aram Ter-Sarkisov , Holger Schwenk , Loic Barrault , Fethi Bougares

Open-sourced large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various tasks with instruction tuning. However, these models can sometimes struggle with tasks that require more specialized knowledge such as translation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jiali Zeng , Fandong Meng , Yongjing Yin , Jie Zhou

We investigate automatic interlinear glossing in low-resource settings. We augment a hard-attentional neural model with embedded translation information extracted from interlinear glossed text. After encoding these translations using large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Changbing Yang , Garrett Nicolai , Miikka Silfverberg

LLMs are typically trained in high-resource languages, and tasks in lower-resourced languages tend to underperform the higher-resource language counterparts for in-context learning. Despite the large body of work on prompting settings, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Christopher Toukmaji , Jeffrey Flanigan