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Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on downstream tasks through in-context learning (ICL), which heavily relies on the demonstrations selected from annotated datasets. However, these datasets often exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hongfu Gao , Feipeng Zhang , Hao Zeng , Deyu Meng , Bingyi Jing , Hongxin Wei

Continual learning (CL) presents a fundamental challenge in training neural networks on sequential tasks without experiencing catastrophic forgetting. Traditionally, the dominant approach in CL has been gradient-based optimization, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Grzegorz Rypeść

Neural networks tend to gradually forget the previously learned knowledge when learning multiple tasks sequentially from dynamic data distributions. This problem is called \textit{catastrophic forgetting}, which is a fundamental challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Chenze Shao , Yang Feng

The ability to discover optimal behaviour from fixed data sets has the potential to transfer the successes of reinforcement learning (RL) to domains where data collection is acutely problematic. In this offline setting, a key challenge is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Alex Beeson , Giovanni Montana

Biological agents are known to learn many different tasks over the course of their lives, and to be able to revisit previous tasks and behaviors with little to no loss in performance. In contrast, artificial agents are prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Ta-Chu Kao , Kristopher T. Jensen , Gido M. van de Ven , Alberto Bernacchia , Guillaume Hennequin

Offline reinforcement learning enables sample-efficient policy acquisition without risky online interaction, yet policies trained on static datasets remain brittle under action-space perturbations such as actuator faults. This study…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Shingo Ayabe , Hiroshi Kera , Kazuhiko Kawamoto

Despite the undeniable progress in visual recognition tasks fueled by deep neural networks, there exists recent evidence showing that these models are poorly calibrated, resulting in over-confident predictions. The standard practices of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Balamurali Murugesan , Bingyuan Liu , Adrian Galdran , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

A common challenge in continual learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where the performance on old tasks drops after new, additional tasks are learned. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called ReCL to slow down forgetting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Pascal Janetzky , Tobias Schlagenhauf , Stefan Feuerriegel

Continual learning in online scenario aims to learn a sequence of new tasks from data stream using each data only once for training, which is more realistic than in offline mode assuming data from new task are all available. However, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

We define an online learning and optimization problem with discrete and irreversible decisions contributing toward a coverage target. In each period, a decision-maker selects facilities to open, receives information on the success of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Alexandre Jacquillat , Michael Lingzhi Li

Learning algorithms can be significantly improved by routing complex or uncertain inputs to specialized experts, balancing accuracy with computational cost. This approach, known as learning to defer, is essential in domains like natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Corinna Cortes , Anqi Mao , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

Class imbalance is a problem of significant importance in applied deep learning where trained models are exploited for decision support and automated decisions in critical areas such as health and medicine, transportation, and finance. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Colin Bellinger , Roberto Corizzo , Nathalie Japkowicz

Classifiers often learn to be biased corresponding to the class-imbalanced dataset, especially under the semi-supervised learning (SSL) set. While previous work tries to appropriately re-balance the classifiers by subtracting a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Weiwei Xing , Yue Cheng , Hongzhu Yi , Xiaohui Gao , Xiang Wei , Xiaoyu Guo , Yuming Zhang , Xinyu Pang

In online incremental learning, data continuously arrives with substantial distributional shifts, creating a significant challenge because previous samples have limited replay value when learning a new task. Prior research has typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Quyen Tran , Hai Nguyen , Hoang Phan , Quan Dao , Linh Ngo , Khoat Than , Dinh Phung , Dimitris Metaxas , Trung Le

Loss function learning is a new meta-learning paradigm that aims to automate the essential task of designing a loss function for a machine learning model. Existing techniques for loss function learning have shown promising results, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christian Raymond , Qi Chen , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

A discriminatively trained neural net classifier can fit the training data perfectly if all information about its input other than class membership has been discarded prior to the output layer. Surprisingly, past research has discovered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Piotr Teterwak , Chiyuan Zhang , Dilip Krishnan , Michael C. Mozer

Background: Catastrophic forgetting is the notorious vulnerability of neural networks to the changes in the data distribution during learning. This phenomenon has long been considered a major obstacle for using learning agents in realistic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-19 Chen Zeno , Itay Golan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Online learning to rank is a core problem in machine learning. In Lattimore et al. (2018), a novel online learning algorithm was proposed based on topological sorting. In the paper they provided a set of self-normalized inequalities (a) in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-22 Victor de la Pena , Haolin Zou

In the real-world setting, data often follows a long-tailed distribution, where head classes contain significantly more training samples than tail classes. Consequently, models trained on such data tend to be biased toward head classes. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Fan Zhang , Wei Qin , Weijieying Ren , Lei Wang , Zetong Chen , Richang Hong

Deep learning algorithms can fare poorly when the training dataset suffers from heavy class-imbalance but the testing criterion requires good generalization on less frequent classes. We design two novel methods to improve performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Kaidi Cao , Colin Wei , Adrien Gaidon , Nikos Arechiga , Tengyu Ma