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Detecting offensive language on Twitter has many applications ranging from detecting/predicting bullying to measuring polarization. In this paper, we focus on building a large Arabic offensive tweet dataset. We introduce a method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Hamdy Mubarak , Ammar Rashed , Kareem Darwish , Younes Samih , Ahmed Abdelali

Toxic language detection systems often falsely flag text that contains minority group mentions as toxic, as those groups are often the targets of online hate. Such over-reliance on spurious correlations also causes systems to struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel , Hamid Palangi , Maarten Sap , Dipankar Ray , Ece Kamar

Harmful speech has various forms and it has been plaguing the social media in different ways. If we need to crackdown different degrees of hate speech and abusive behavior amongst it, the classification needs to be based on complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Sanjana Sharma , Saksham Agrawal , Manish Shrivastava

The widespread use of offensive content in social media has led to an abundance of research in detecting language such as hate speech, cyberbullying, and cyber-aggression. Recent work presented the OLID dataset, which follows a taxonomy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Sara Rosenthal , Pepa Atanasova , Georgi Karadzhov , Marcos Zampieri , Preslav Nakov

Online presence on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter has become a daily habit for internet users. Despite the vast amount of services the platforms offer for their users, users suffer from cyber-bullying, which further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Ahmad Shapiro , Ayman Khalafallah , Marwan Torki

Hate speech detection is a crucial task, especially on social media, where harmful content can spread quickly. Implementing machine learning models to automatically identify and address hate speech is essential for mitigating its impact and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Somaiyeh Dehghan , Mehmet Umut Sen , Berrin Yanikoglu

With the freedom of communication provided in online social media, hate speech has increasingly generated. This leads to cyber conflicts affecting social life at the individual and national levels. As a result, hateful content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Khouloud Mnassri , Praboda Rajapaksha , Reza Farahbakhsh , Noel Crespi

Hate speech represents a pervasive and detrimental form of online discourse, often manifested through an array of slurs, from hateful tweets to defamatory posts. As such speech proliferates, it connects people globally and poses significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Patricia Martín-Rodilla , Javier Parapar

Social media is awash with hateful content, much of which is often veiled with linguistic and topical diversity. The benchmark datasets used for hate speech detection do not account for such divagation as they are predominantly compiled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Atharva Kulkarni , Sarah Masud , Vikram Goyal , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Having a quality annotated corpus is essential especially for applied research. Despite the recent focus of Web science community on researching about cyberbullying, the community dose not still have standard benchmarks. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Mohammadreza Rezvan , Saeedeh Shekarpour , Lakshika Balasuriya , Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan , Valerie Shalin , Amit Sheth

With rising concern around abusive and hateful behavior on social media platforms, we present an ensemble learning method to identify and analyze the linguistic properties of such content. Our stacked ensemble comprises of three machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Gaurav Verma , Niyati Chhaya , Vishwa Vinay

Online social media is rife with offensive and hateful comments, prompting the need for their automatic detection given the sheer amount of posts created every second. Creating high-quality human-labelled datasets for this task is difficult…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 João A. Leite , Carolina Scarton , Diego F. Silva

One of the major challenges in automatic hate speech detection is the lack of datasets that cover a wide range of biased and unbiased messages and that are consistently labeled. We propose a labeling procedure that addresses some of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Gunther Jikeli , Sameer Karali , Daniel Miehling , Katharina Soemer

Toxic online content has become a major issue in today's world due to an exponential increase in the use of internet by people of different cultures and educational background. Differentiating hate speech and offensive language is a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Aditya Gaydhani , Vikrant Doma , Shrikant Kendre , Laxmi Bhagwat

Identifying hate speech content in the Arabic language is challenging due to the rich quality of dialectal variations. This study introduces a multilabel hate speech dataset in the Arabic language. We have collected 10000 Arabic tweets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Wajdi Zaghouani , Md. Rafiul Biswas

Offensive language is pervasive in social media. Individuals frequently take advantage of the perceived anonymity of computer-mediated communication, using this to engage in behavior that many of them would not consider in real life. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Nikhil Oswal

In recent years, the increasing propagation of hate speech on social media and the urgent need for effective counter-measures have drawn significant investment from governments, companies, and researchers. A large number of methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Ziqi Zhang , Lei Luo

In this work we propose a novel annotation scheme which factors hate speech into five separate discursive categories. To evaluate our scheme, we construct a corpus of over 2.9M Twitter posts containing hateful expressions directed at Jews,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Gal Ron , Effi Levi , Odelia Oshri , Shaul R. Shenhav

In recent years, Vietnam witnesses the mass development of social network users on different social platforms such as Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, and Tiktok. On social medias, hate speech has become a critical problem for social network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Son T. Luu , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

Toxic speech, also known as hate speech, is regarded as one of the crucial issues plaguing online social media today. Most recent work on toxic speech detection is constrained to the modality of text and written conversations with very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Sreyan Ghosh , Samden Lepcha , S Sakshi , Rajiv Ratn Shah , S. Umesh