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The compactness phenomenon is one of the featured aspects of structuralism in mathematics. In simple and broad words, a compactness property holds in a structure if a related property is satisfied by sufficiently many substructures of that…
Let $k$ be an integer which is the difference between prime numbers infinitely often. It is known that there are infinitely many such $k$ and, in this paper, we give a new unconditional proof that these $k$ have positive density and improve…
We argue that parameterized complexity is a useful tool with which to study global constraints. In particular, we show that many global constraints which are intractable to propagate completely have natural parameters which make them…
Common meadows are commutative and associative algebraic structures with two operations (addition and multiplication) with additive and multiplicative identities and for which inverses are total. The inverse of zero is an error term…
A generalization of numeration system in which the set N of the natural numbers is recognizable by finite automata can be obtained by describing a lexicographically ordered infinite regular language. Here we show that if P belonging to Q[x]…
In this preliminary work, we study the generalization properties of infinite ensembles of infinitely-wide neural networks. Amazingly, this model family admits tractable calculations for many information-theoretic quantities. We report…
This is a survey on the finite basis problem for varieties of algebraic systems. Our exposition is in two directions: (i) We give numerous examples of varieties which are not finitely based. (ii) We give examples of important varieties with…
We study the smallest convex lattice generated by a finite set of points. To analyze this structure, we introduce the notion of a point configuration, defined via the relative lattice. Under a suitable completeness condition, this lattice…
We reduce the principal problem of Additive Number Theory of whether an infinite sequence of integers constitutes a finite basis for the integers to a Diophantine problem involving the difference set of the sequence, by proving a formula…
Much recent progress has been made concerning the probable existence of Odd Perfect Numbers, forming part of what has come to be known as Sylvester's Web Of Conditions. This paper proves some results concerning certain properties of the…
We use representations and differentiation algorithms of posets, in order to obtain results concerning unsolved problems on figurate numbers. In particular, we present criteria for natural numbers which are the sum of three octahedral…
While faces of a polytope form a well structured lattice, in which faces of each possible dimension are present, this is not true for general compact convex sets. We address the question of what dimensional patterns are possible for the…
Abstract upper densities are monotone and subadditive functions from the power set of positive integers into the unit real interval that generalize the upper densities used in number theory, including the upper asymptotic density, the upper…
In order to better understand the structure of closed collections of reversible gates, we investigate the lattice of closed sets and the maximal members of this lattice. In this note, we find the maximal closed sets over a finite alphabet.…
We prove the existence of infinite dense free sets (in the usual topology) for set mappings on the reals, under reasonable assumptions.
We provide a characterization of infinite frieze patterns of positive integers via triangulations of an infinite strip in the plane. In the periodic case, these triangulations may be considered as triangulations of annuli. We also give a…
New partial results are obtained related to the following old problem of Erd\"os: for any infinite set $X$ of real numbers to show that there is always a measurable (or, equivalently, closed) subset of reals of positive Lebesgue measure…
We obtain optimal lower and upper bounds for the (additive) integrality gaps of integer knapsack problems. In a randomised setting, we show that the integrality gap of a "typical" knapsack problem is drastically smaller than the integrality…
The infinite random size-biased order with arbitrary positive size parameters is introduced in terms of independent exponential random variables. We collect basic properties and constructions of the order, some of which belong to the…
The set of prime numbers has been analyzed, based on their algebraic and arithmetical structure. Here by obtaining a sort of linear formula for the set of prime numbers, they are redefined and identified; under a systematic procedure it has…