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In this study, we explore the innovative domain of Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) as a framework for training Quantum Machine Learning (QML) models via distributed networks. Conventional machine learning models frequently grapple with…

Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNNs) are widely regarded as a promising model for Quantum Machine Learning (QML). In this work we tie their heuristic success to two facts. First, that when randomly initialized, they can only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Pablo Bermejo , Paolo Braccia , Manuel S. Rudolph , Zoë Holmes , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo

Explainable ML algorithms are designed to provide transparency and insight into their decision-making process. Explaining how ML models come to their prediction is critical in fields such as healthcare and finance, as it provides insight…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Barra White , Krishnendu Guha

Quantum machine learning (QML) requires significant quantum resources to address practical real-world problems. When the underlying quantum information exhibits hierarchical structures in the data, limitations persist in training complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Quoc Hoan Tran , Yasuhiro Endo , Hirotaka Oshima

As the most central and computationally intensive component of deep neural networks, the execution efficiency of matrix multiplication directly determines the training and inference performance of models. Harnessing the parallel processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Jiaqi Yao , Tianjian Huang , Zipeng Cai , Ding Liu

Inspired by the success of Boltzmann Machines based on classical Boltzmann distribution, we propose a new machine learning approach based on quantum Boltzmann distribution of a transverse-field Ising Hamiltonian. Due to the non-commutative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 Mohammad H. Amin , Evgeny Andriyash , Jason Rolfe , Bohdan Kulchytskyy , Roger Melko

In the last few years, quantum computing has experienced a growth spurt. One exciting avenue of quantum computing is quantum machine learning (QML) which can exploit the high dimensional Hilbert space to learn richer representations from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Satwik Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh

Group-equivariant quantum models are designed to exploit symmetry and can improve trainability, but it remains unclear how symmetry constraints shape their adversarial robustness. We study this question through a feature-level analysis of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Maureen Krumtünger , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Quantum kernel methods offer significant theoretical benefits by rendering classically inseparable features separable in quantum space. Yet, the practical application of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), currently constrained by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Philipp Altmann , Maximilian Mansky , Maximilian Zorn , Jonas Stein , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

The industry of quantum technologies is rapidly expanding, offering promising opportunities for various scientific domains. Among these emerging technologies, Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has attracted considerable attention due to its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 Artur Miroszewski , Jakub Nalepa , Bertrand Le Saux , Jakub Mielczarek

Machine-learning (ML) ans\"atze have greatly expanded the accuracy and reach of variational quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations, in particular when exploring the manifold quantum phenomena exhibited by spin systems. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 Manuel Gallego , Sebastián Roca-Jerat , David Zueco , Jesús Carrete

Quantum machine learning QML algorithms promise to deliver near-term, applicable quantum computation on noisy, intermediate-scale systems. While most of these algorithms leverage quantum circuits for generic applications, a recent set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Rodrigo Araiza Bravo , Jorge Garcia Ponce , Hong-ye Hu , Susanne F. Yelin

Distributed training across several quantum computers could significantly improve the training time and if we could share the learned model, not the data, it could potentially improve the data privacy as the training would happen where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Shinjae Yoo

We introduce several probabilistic quantum algorithms that overcome the normal unitary restrictions in quantum machine learning by leveraging the Linear Combination of Unitaries (LCU) method. Among our investigations are quantum native…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Jamie Heredge , Maxwell West , Lloyd Hollenberg , Martin Sevior

The intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics invokes endeavors of designing quantum generative learning models (QGLMs). Despite the empirical achievements, the foundations and the potential advantages of QGLMs remain largely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-08 Yuxuan Du , Zhuozhuo Tu , Bujiao Wu , Xiao Yuan , Dacheng Tao

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) promise efficient use of near-term quantum computers. However, training VQAs often requires an extensive amount of time and suffers from the barren plateau problem where the magnitude of the gradients…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-24 Tobias Haug , M. S. Kim

Many Machine Learning (ML) models are referred to as black box models, providing no real insights into why a prediction is made. Feature importance and explainability are important for increasing transparency and trust in ML models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Luke Power , Krishnendu Guha

Variational quantum algorithms is one of the most representative algorithms in quantum computing, which has a wide range of applications in quantum machine learning, quantum simulation and other related fields. However, they face challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Xiao Shi , Yun Shang

Rotations have become essential to state-of-the-art quantization pipelines for large language models (LLMs) by effectively smoothing outliers in weights and activations. However, further optimizing the rotation parameters offers only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Liulu He , Shenli Zheng , Karwei Sun , Yijiang Liu , Yufei Zhao , Chongkang Tan , Huanrui Yang , Yuan Du , Li Du

The barren plateau phenomenon is one of the main obstacles to implementing variational quantum algorithms in the current generation of quantum processors. Here, we introduce a method capable of avoiding the barren plateau phenomenon in the…