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Bias in recommender systems not only distorts user experience but also perpetuates and amplifies existing societal stereotypes, particularly in sectors like fashion e-commerce. This study employs a dynamic modeling approach to scrutinize…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mahsa Goodarzi , M. Abdullah Canbaz

Recommender systems operate in closed feedback loops, where user interactions reinforce popularity bias, leading to over-recommendation of already popular items while under-exposing niche or novel content. Existing bias mitigation methods,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Rahul Agarwal , Amit Jaspal , Saurabh Gupta , Omkar Vichare

Item recommendation is the task of predicting a personalized ranking on a set of items (e.g. websites, movies, products). In this paper, we investigate the most common scenario with implicit feedback (e.g. clicks, purchases). There are many…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-05-14 Steffen Rendle , Christoph Freudenthaler , Zeno Gantner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

While implicit feedback is foundational to modern recommender systems, factors such as human error, uncertainty, and ambiguity in user behavior inevitably introduce significant noise into this feedback, adversely affecting the accuracy and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Kaike Zhang , Qi Cao , Yunfan Wu , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Implicit feedback is widely leveraged in recommender systems since it is easy to collect and provides weak supervision signals. Recent works reveal a huge gap between the implicit feedback and user-item relevance due to the fact that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Can Chen , Chen Ma , Xi Chen , Sirui Song , Hao Liu , Xue Liu

Implicit feedback (e.g., clicks, dwell times, etc.) is an abundant source of data in human-interactive systems. While implicit feedback has many advantages (e.g., it is inexpensive to collect, user centric, and timely), its inherent biases…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Thorsten Joachims , Adith Swaminathan , Tobias Schnabel

The goal of unbiased learning to rank (ULTR) is to leverage implicit user feedback for optimizing learning-to-rank systems. Among existing solutions, automatic ULTR algorithms that jointly learn user bias models (i.e., propensity models)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Dan Luo , Lixin Zou , Qingyao Ai , Zhiyu Chen , Chenliang Li , Dawei Yin , Brian D. Davison

Generally speaking, the model training for recommender systems can be based on two types of data, namely explicit feedback and implicit feedback. Moreover, because of its general availability, we see wide adoption of implicit feedback data,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Yi Ren , Hongyan Tang , Jiangpeng Rong , Siwen Zhu

Fairness is a critical system-level objective in recommender systems that has been the subject of extensive recent research. It is especially important in multi-sided recommendation platforms where it may be crucial to optimize utilities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Masoud Mansoury

Recommender systems have become an integral part of online platforms. Every day the volume of training data is expanding and the number of user interactions is constantly increasing. The exploration of larger and more expressive models has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Antonios Valkanas , Yuening Wang , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

Self-reinforcing feedback loops are both cause and effect of over and/or under-presentation of some content in interactive recommender systems. This leads to erroneous user preference estimates, namely, overestimation of over-presented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Gökhan Çapan , Özge Bozal , İlker Gündoğdu , Ali Taylan Cemgil

Collaborative filtering-based recommender systems leverage vast amounts of behavioral user data, which poses severe privacy risks. Thus, often, random noise is added to the data to ensure Differential Privacy (DP). However, to date, it is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Peter Müllner , Elisabeth Lex , Markus Schedl , Dominik Kowald

Recommendation systems often rely on implicit feedback, where only positive user-item interactions can be observed. Negative sampling is therefore crucial to provide proper negative training signals. However, existing methods tend to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Na Li , Fanghui Sun , Yan Zou , Yangfu Zhu , Xiatian Zhu , Ying Ma

Recommender Systems (RS) often suffer from popularity bias, where a small set of popular items dominate the recommendation results due to their high interaction rates, leaving many less popular items overlooked. This phenomenon…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Juno Prent , Masoud Mansoury

Recommender systems often rely on observational user--item interaction data, which is prone to selection bias due to users' selective interactions with items. Inverse propensity weighting and doubly robust estimators effectively mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zongyu Li , Wanting Su , Tianyu Xia

Link prediction methods are frequently applied in recommender systems, e.g., to suggest citations for academic papers or friends in social networks. However, exposure bias can arise when users are systematically underexposed to certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Shantanu Gupta , Hao Wang , Zachary C. Lipton , Yuyang Wang

News recommendation is different from movie or e-commercial recommendation as people usually do not grade the news. Therefore, user feedback for news is always implicit (click behavior, reading time, etc). Inevitably, there are noises in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Yunfan Hu , Zhaopeng Qiu , Xian Wu

One of the difficulties of conversion rate (CVR) prediction is that the conversions can delay and take place long after the clicks. The delayed feedback poses a challenge: fresh data are beneficial to continuous training but may not have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Siyu Gu , Xiang-Rong Sheng , Ying Fan , Guorui Zhou , Xiaoqiang Zhu

Ratings of a user to most items in recommender systems are usually missing not at random (MNAR), largely because users are free to choose which items to rate. To achieve unbiased learning of the prediction model under MNAR data, three…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Haoxuan Li , Chunyuan Zheng , Wenjie Wang , Hao Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiao-Hua Zhou

Conventional collaborative filtering techniques treat a top-n recommendations problem as a task of generating a list of the most relevant items. This formulation, however, disregards an opposite - avoiding recommendations with completely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Evgeny Frolov , Ivan Oseledets