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The performance of deep learning models depends heavily on test samples at runtime, and shifts from the training data distribution can significantly reduce accuracy. Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting models during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Michal Danilowski , Soumyajit Chatterjee , Abhirup Ghosh

In this study, we introduce an intelligent Test Time Augmentation (TTA) algorithm designed to enhance the robustness and accuracy of image classification models against viewpoint variations. Unlike traditional TTA methods that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Efe Ozturk , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Often, constraints arise in deployment settings where even lightweight parameter updates e.g. parameter-efficient fine-tuning could induce model shift or tuning instability. We study test-time adaptation of foundation models for few-shot…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-04 Tahir Qasim Syed , Behraj Khan

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) is crucial for deploying models in real-world applications with unseen, evolving target domains. Existing CTTA methods, however, often rely on source data or prototypes, limiting their applicability in…

Active Test-Time Adaptation (ATTA) improves model robustness under domain shift by selectively querying human annotations at deployment, but existing methods use heuristic uncertainty measures and suffer from low data selection efficiency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Tingyu Shi , Fan Lyu , Shaoliang Peng

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to mitigate distributional shifts between training and test domains during inference time. However, existing TTA methods fall short in the realistic scenario where models face both continually changing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yingkai Yang , Chaoqi Chen , Hui Huang

Transfer learning through fine-tuning a pre-trained neural network with an extremely large dataset, such as ImageNet, can significantly accelerate training while the accuracy is frequently bottlenecked by the limited dataset size of the new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Xingjian Li , Haoyi Xiong , Hanchao Wang , Yuxuan Rao , Liping Liu , Zeyu Chen , Jun Huan

In the absence of large labelled datasets, self-supervised learning techniques can boost performance by learning useful representations from unlabelled data, which is often more readily available. However, there is often a domain shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Linus Ericsson , Henry Gouk , Timothy M. Hospedales

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model generalizability when test data diverges from training distribution, offering the distinct advantage of not requiring access to training data and processes, especially valuable in the context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yige Yuan , Bingbing Xu , Liang Hou , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) task investigates effective domain adaptation under the scenario of continuous domain shifts during testing time. Due to the utilization of solely unlabeled samples, there exists significant uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Fan Lyu , Kaile Du , Yuyang Li , Hanyu Zhao , Fuyuan Hu , Zhang Zhang , Guangcan Liu , Liang Wang

We present Point-TTA, a novel test-time adaptation framework for point cloud registration (PCR) that improves the generalization and the performance of registration models. While learning-based approaches have achieved impressive progress,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ahmed Hatem , Yiming Qian , Yang Wang

Data streams in real-world industrial scenarios often contain transitional operating conditions that are uncovered during offline training, leading to significant distribution shifts. To bridge the gap between static offline models and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Hongshuo Zhao , Zeyi Liu , Xiao He

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt a pretrained model to ever-changing environments during the test time under continuous domain shifts. Most existing CTTA approaches are based on the Mean Teacher (MT) structure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jiaxu Tian , Fan Lyu

We propose Regularized Learning under Label shifts (RLLS), a principled and a practical domain-adaptation algorithm to correct for shifts in the label distribution between a source and a target domain. We first estimate importance weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anqi Liu , Fanny Yang , Animashree Anandkumar

One fascinating aspect of pre-trained Audio-Language Models (ALMs) learning is their impressive zero-shot generalization capability and test-time adaptation (TTA) methods aiming to improve domain performance without annotations. However,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Gongyu Chen , Haomin Zhang , Chaofan Ding , Zihao Chen , Xinhan Di

Deep topological data analysis (TDA) offers a principled framework for capturing structural invariants such as connectivity and cycles that persist across scales, making it a natural fit for anomaly segmentation (AS). Unlike thresholdbased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Ali Zia , Usman Ali , Umer Ramzan , Abdul Rehman , Abdelwahed Khamis , Wei Xiang

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) has attracted increasing attention for tackling the issue of distribution shift during the test phase. While prior methods have shown effectiveness in addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Baoshun Tong , Kaiyu Song , Hanjiang Lai

Transfer learning is a widely used method to build high performing computer vision models. In this paper, we study the efficacy of transfer learning by examining how the choice of data impacts performance. We find that more pre-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Jiquan Ngiam , Daiyi Peng , Vijay Vasudevan , Simon Kornblith , Quoc V. Le , Ruoming Pang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, making it ideal for privacy-sensitive applications. However, FL models often suffer performance degradation due to…

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to online adapt a pre-trained model to changing environments during inference. Most existing methods focus on exploiting target data, while overlooking another crucial source of information, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Kunyu Wang , Xueyang Fu , Yuanfei Bao , Chengjie Ge , Chengzhi Cao , Wei Zhai , Zheng-Jun Zha
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