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Typhoon is a series of Thai large language models (LLMs) developed specifically for the Thai language. This technical report presents challenges and insights in developing Thai LLMs, including data preparation, pretraining,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) pre-trained on multilingual data have revolutionized natural language processing research, by transitioning from languages and task specific model pipelines to a single model adapted on a variety of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Munief Hassan Tahir , Sana Shams , Layba Fiaz , Farah Adeeba , Sarmad Hussain

As large language models (LLMs) like OpenAI's GPT series continue to make strides, we witness the emergence of artificial intelligence applications in an ever-expanding range of fields. In medicine, these LLMs hold considerable promise for…

Large language models have emerged as a promising approach towards achieving general-purpose AI agents. The thriving open-source LLM community has greatly accelerated the development of agents that support human-machine dialogue interaction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhenfei Yin , Jiong Wang , Jianjian Cao , Zhelun Shi , Dingning Liu , Mukai Li , Lu Sheng , Lei Bai , Xiaoshui Huang , Zhiyong Wang , Jing Shao , Wanli Ouyang

The language ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is often unbalanced towards English because of the imbalance in the distribution of the pre-training data. This disparity is demanded in further fine-tuning and affecting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Leonardo Ranaldi , Giulia Pucci , Andre Freitas

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has predominantly focused on high-resource languages, leaving extremely low-resource languages like Irish with limited representation. This work presents UCCIX, a pioneering effort on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in various NLP tasks. However, these advances have not been reflected in the translation task, especially those with moderate model sizes (i.e., 7B or 13B…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Haoran Xu , Young Jin Kim , Amr Sharaf , Hany Hassan Awadalla

As an Indo-Aryan language with limited available data, Chakma remains largely underrepresented in language models. In this work, we introduce a novel corpus of contextually coherent Bangla-transliterated Chakma, curated from Chakma…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Adity Khisa , Nusrat Jahan Lia , Tasnim Mahfuz Nafis , Zarif Masud , Tanzir Pial , Shebuti Rayana , Ahmedul Kabir

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their utilization in code generation tasks have significantly reshaped the field of software development. Despite the remarkable efficacy of code completion solutions in mainstream…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Bohdan Petryshyn , Mantas Lukoševičius

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering, particularly in static analysis tasks, represents a paradigm shift in the field. In this paper, we investigate the role that current LLMs can play in improving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Ashwin Prasad Shivarpatna Venkatesh , Samkutty Sabu , Amir M. Mir , Sofia Reis , Eric Bodden

Despite the rapid expansion of types of large language models, there remains a notable gap in models specifically designed for the Dutch language. This gap is not only a shortage in terms of pretrained Dutch models but also in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Bram Vanroy

Researchers working on low-resource languages face persistent challenges due to limited data availability and restricted access to computational resources. Although most large language models (LLMs) are predominantly trained in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Odunayo Ogundepo , Akintunde Oladipo , Kelechi Ogueji , Esther Adenuga , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Jimmy Lin

Transliteration is a task in the domain of NLP where the output word is a similar-sounding word written using the letters of any foreign language. Today this system has been developed for several language pairs that involve English as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Yash Raj , Bhavesh Laddagiri

Despite being the 5th most spoken language, Bangla remains underrepresented in Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly for code generation. This primarily stems from the scarcity of high-quality data to pre-train and/or finetune such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Nishat Raihan , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Marcos Zampieri

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools with potential applications in various fields, including software engineering. Within the scope of this research, we evaluate five different state-of-the-art LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Luis Mayer , Christian Heumann , Matthias Aßenmacher

We introduce a novel evaluation framework for Large Language Models (LLMs) such as \textsc{Llama-2} and \textsc{Mistral}, focusing on importing Precision and Recall metrics from image generation to text generation. This approach allows for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Florian Le Bronnec , Alexandre Verine , Benjamin Negrevergne , Yann Chevaleyre , Alexandre Allauzen

Recently, significant public efforts have been directed towards developing low-cost models with capabilities akin to ChatGPT, thereby fostering the growth of open-source conversational models. However, there remains a scarcity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yunjie Ji , Yan Gong , Yong Deng , Yiping Peng , Qiang Niu , Baochang Ma , Xiangang Li

In this work, we introduce EMMA-500, a large-scale multilingual language model continue-trained on texts across 546 languages designed for enhanced multilingual performance, focusing on improving language coverage for low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Shaoxiong Ji , Zihao Li , Jaakko Paavola , Peiqin Lin , Pinzhen Chen , Dayyán O'Brien , Hengyu Luo , Hinrich Schütze , Jörg Tiedemann , Barry Haddow

Each new generation of English-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibits enhanced cross-lingual transfer capabilities and significantly outperforms older LLMs on low-resource languages. This prompts the question: Is there a need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Tamzeed Mahfuz , Satak Kumar Dey , Ruwad Naswan , Hasnaen Adil , Khondker Salman Sayeed , Haz Sameen Shahgir