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The restless bandit problem is one of the most well-studied generalizations of the celebrated stochastic multi-armed bandit problem in decision theory. In its ultimate generality, the restless bandit problem is known to be PSPACE-Hard to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-02-03 Sudipto Guha , Kamesh Munagala , Peng Shi

We study finite-armed semiparametric bandits, where each arm's reward combines a linear component with an unknown, potentially adversarial shift. This model strictly generalizes classical linear bandits and reflects complexities common in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-18 Seok-Jin Kim , Gi-Soo Kim , Min-hwan Oh

In Reinforcement Learning (RL), multi-armed Bandit (MAB) problems have found applications across diverse domains such as recommender systems, healthcare, and finance. Traditional MAB algorithms typically assume stationary reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Gustavo de Freitas Fonseca , Lucas Coelho e Silva , Paulo André Lima de Castro

We consider the Scale-Free Adversarial Multi Armed Bandits(MAB) problem. At the beginning of the game, the player only knows the number of arms $n$. It does not know the scale and magnitude of the losses chosen by the adversary or the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Sudeep Raja Putta , Shipra Agrawal

Conducting randomized experiments in education settings raises the question of how we can use machine learning techniques to improve educational interventions. Using Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB) algorithms like Thompson Sampling (TS) in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Fernando J. Yanez , Angela Zavaleta-Bernuy , Ziwen Han , Michael Liut , Anna Rafferty , Joseph Jay Williams

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide…

Computation · Statistics 2023-01-04 James K. He , Sofía S. Villar , Lida Mavrogonatou

Recent works on Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB) and Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandits (COM-MAB) show good results on a global accuracy metric. This can be achieved, in the case of recommender systems, with personalization. However, with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Alexandre Letard , Tassadit Amghar , Olivier Camp , Nicolas Gutowski

The gold standard for estimating causal effects is randomized controlled trial (RCT) or A/B testing where a random group of individuals from a population of interest are given treatment and the outcome is compared to a random group of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ahmed Sayeed Faruk , Jason Sulskis , Elena Zheleva

Although the classical version of the Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB) framework has been applied successfully to several practical problems, in many real-world applications, the possible actions are not presented to the learner simultaneously,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Marco Gabrielli , Francesco Trovò , Manuela Antonelli

Conventional Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) algorithms are designed for stationary environments, where the reward distributions associated with the arms do not change with time. In many applications, however, the environment is more accurately…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yu-Han Huang , Argyrios Gerogiannis , Subhonmesh Bose , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

We study the problem of estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) in adaptive experiments where treatment can only be encouraged -- rather than directly assigned -- via a binary instrumental variable. Building on semiparametric…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-30 Miruna Oprescu , Brian M Cho , Nathan Kallus

Adaptive and sequential experiment design is a well-studied area in numerous domains. We survey and synthesize the work of the online statistical learning paradigm referred to as multi-armed bandits integrating the existing research as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-04 Giuseppe Burtini , Jason Loeppky , Ramon Lawrence

We consider the Scale-Free Adversarial Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) problem with unrestricted feedback delays. In contrast to the standard assumption that all losses are $[0,1]$-bounded, in our setting, losses can fall in a general bounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Jiatai Huang , Yan Dai , Longbo Huang

In human-computer interaction applications like hand gesture recognition, supervised learning models are often trained on a large population of users to achieve high task accuracy. However, due to individual variability in sensor signals…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Duke Lin , Michael Paskett , Ying Yang

Multi-armed bandits (MAB) provide a principled online learning approach to attain the balance between exploration and exploitation. Due to the superior performance and low feedback learning without the learning to act in multiple…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shenghao Xu

The multi-armed bandit(MAB) problem is a simple yet powerful framework that has been extensively studied in the context of decision-making under uncertainty. In many real-world applications, such as robotic applications, selecting an arm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Tianpeng Zhang , Kasper Johansson , Na Li

Recommendation systems are a vital component of many online marketplaces, where there are often millions of items to potentially present to users who have a wide variety of wants or needs. Evaluating recommender system algorithms is a hard…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Meisam Hejazinia , Kyler Eastman , Shuqin Ye , Abbas Amirabadi , Ravi Divvela

When humans collaborate with each other, they often make decisions by observing others and considering the consequences that their actions may have on the entire team, instead of greedily doing what is best for just themselves. We would…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Erdem Bıyık , Anusha Lalitha , Rajarshi Saha , Andrea Goldsmith , Dorsa Sadigh

Motivated by the importance of explainability in modern machine learning, we design bandit algorithms that are efficient and interpretable. A bandit algorithm is interpretable if it explores with the objective of reducing uncertainty in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Subhojyoti Mukherjee , Ruihao Zhu , Branislav Kveton

Multi-armed bandits are widely used for sequential experimentation in clinical trials, recommendation systems, and online platforms. While regret minimization and valid inference from adaptively collected data have each been studied…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-28 Yu-Shiou Willy Lin , Dae Woong Ham , Iavor Bojinov