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Applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world tasks requires converting informal descriptions into a formal Markov decision process (MDP), implementing an executable environment, and training a policy agent. Automating this process is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hong Je-Gal , Chan-Bin Yi , Hyun-Suk Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning and task planning capabilities but remain fundamentally limited in physical interaction modeling. Existing approaches integrate perception via Vision-Language Models (VLMs) or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Wanjing Huang , Weixiang Yan , Zhen Zhang , Ambuj Singh

We show that large language models (LLMs) can be adapted to be generalizable policies for embodied visual tasks. Our approach, called Large LAnguage model Reinforcement Learning Policy (LLaRP), adapts a pre-trained frozen LLM to take as…

Activation steering has emerged as a promising approach for efficiently adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream behaviors. However, most existing steering methods rely on a single static direction per task or concept, making…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising reasoning capabilities in robotics; however, their application in multi-robot systems remains limited, particularly in handling task dependencies. This paper introduces DART-LLM, a…

Large Language Models (LLMs) prompted to generate chain-of-thought (CoT) exhibit impressive reasoning capabilities. Recent attempts at prompt decomposition toward solving complex, multi-step reasoning problems depend on the ability of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Gurusha Juneja , Subhabrata Dutta , Soumen Chakrabarti , Sunny Manchanda , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large language model-based agents have recently emerged as powerful approaches for solving dynamic and multi-step tasks. Most existing agents employ planning mechanisms to guide long-term actions in dynamic environments. However, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haoran Tan , Zeyu Zhang , Chen Ma , Tianze Liu , Quanyu Dai , Xu Chen

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been gradually employed to solve complex tasks. To face the challenge, task decomposition has become an effective way, which proposes to divide a complex task into multiple simpler subtasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yiliu Sun , Yanfang Zhang , Zicheng Zhao , Sheng Wan , Dacheng Tao , Chen Gong

The acceleration of Large Language Models (LLMs) research has opened up new possibilities for evaluating generated texts. They serve as scalable and economical evaluators, but the question of how reliable these evaluators are has emerged as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Minzhi Li , Zhengyuan Liu , Shumin Deng , Shafiq Joty , Nancy F. Chen , Min-Yen Kan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in agentic workflows, which are structured sequences of LLM invocations intended to solve complex tasks. However, existing approaches often rely on static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Runchuan Zhu , Bowen Jiang , Lingrui Mei , Fangkai Yang , Lu Wang , Haoxiang Gao , Fengshuo Bai , Pu Zhao , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

An embodied agent assisting humans is often asked to complete new tasks, and there may not be sufficient time or labeled examples to train the agent to perform these new tasks. Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on considerable knowledge…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tool learning. In real-world scenarios, user queries are often ambiguous and incomplete, requiring effective clarification. However, existing interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xuan Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Zhe Zheng , Linjuan Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yuchen Yan , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weiming Lu

Effective planning in the real world requires not only world knowledge, but the ability to leverage that knowledge to build the right representation of the task at hand. Decades of hierarchical planning techniques have used domain-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Lionel Wong , Jiayuan Mao , Pratyusha Sharma , Zachary S. Siegel , Jiahai Feng , Noa Korneev , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jacob Andreas

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate promising capabilities in solving scientific problems but often suffer from the issue of hallucination. While integrating LLMs with tools can mitigate this issue, models fine-tuned on tool usage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Bohan Lyu , Yadi Cao , Duncan Watson-Parris , Leon Bergen , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Rose Yu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) possess significant capabilities in open-world agent tasks, they also face challenges in rapidly adapting to new, specialized tasks due to their reliance on static pre-trained knowledge. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Kelin Fu , Kaigui Bian

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has inspired the development of LLM-based agents capable of addressing complex, real-world tasks. However, these agents often struggle during task execution due to methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yaoxiang Wang , Zhiyong Wu , Junfeng Yao , Jinsong Su

Large Language Model (LLM) based multi-agent systems have shown remarkable performance in various tasks, especially when enhanced through collaborative communication. However, current methods often rely on a fixed number of agents and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Boyi Li , Zhonghan Zhao , Der-Horng Lee , Gaoang Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable advancements in reasoning and tool use, they often fail to generate optimal, grounded solutions under complex constraints. Real-world travel planning exemplifies these challenges,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jihye Choi , Jinsung Yoon , Jiefeng Chen , Somesh Jha , Tomas Pfister

Ad-hoc teamwork (AHT) requires agents to infer the behavior of previously unseen teammates and adapt their policy accordingly. Conventional approaches often rely on fixed probabilistic models or classifiers, which can be brittle under…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Conor Wallace , Umer Siddique , Yongcan Cao

Effective planning is essential for the success of any task, from organizing a vacation to routing autonomous vehicles and developing corporate strategies. It involves setting goals, formulating plans, and allocating resources to achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haoming Li , Zhaoliang Chen , Jonathan Zhang , Fei Liu