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We introduce Modelizer - a novel framework that, given a black-box program, learns a model from its input/output behavior using neural machine translation algorithms. The resulting model mocks the original program: Given an input, the model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tural Mammadov , Dietrich Klakow , Alexander Koller , Andreas Zeller

We present a model of pragmatic referring expression interpretation in a grounded communication task (identifying colors from descriptions) that draws upon predictions from two recurrent neural network classifiers, a speaker and a listener,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Will Monroe , Robert X. D. Hawkins , Noah D. Goodman , Christopher Potts

We draw a formal connection between using synthetic training data to optimize neural network parameters and approximate, Bayesian, model-based reasoning. In particular, training a neural network using synthetic data can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Tuan Anh Le , Atilim Gunes Baydin , Robert Zinkov , Frank Wood

Despite the success of large pre-trained language models (LMs) such as Codex, they show below-par performance on the larger and more complicated programming related questions. We show that LMs benefit from the summarized version of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kirby Kuznia , Swaroop Mishra , Mihir Parmar , Chitta Baral

Programming-by-example (PBE) is a synthesis paradigm that allows users to generate functions by simply providing input-output examples. While a promising interaction paradigm, synthesis is still too slow for realtime interaction and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Kairo Morton , William Hallahan , Elven Shum , Ruzica Piskac , Mark Santolucito

Syntax-guided synthesis is commonly used to generate programs encoding policies. In this approach, the set of programs, that can be written in a domain-specific language defines the search space, and an algorithm searches within this space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Rubens O. Moraes , Levi H. S. Lelis

State-of-the-art techniques of artificial intelligence, in particular deep learning, are mostly data-driven. However, collecting and manually labeling a large scale dataset is both difficult and expensive. A promising alternative is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Qi Chen , Weichao Qiu , Yi Zhang , Lingxi Xie , Alan Yuille

Programming by example (PBE) is an emerging programming paradigm that automatically synthesizes programs specified by user-provided input-output examples. Despite the convenience for end-users, implementing PBE tools often requires strong…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Jiarong Wu , Lili Wei , Yanyan Jiang , Shing-Chi Cheung , Luyao Ren , Chang Xu

A key challenge in program synthesis is the astronomical size of the search space the synthesizer has to explore. In response to this challenge, recent work proposed to guide synthesis using learned probabilistic models. Obtaining such a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Shraddha Barke , Hila Peleg , Nadia Polikarpova

Program synthesis of general-purpose source code from natural language specifications is challenging due to the need to reason about high-level patterns in the target program and low-level implementation details at the same time. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Richard Shin , Miltiadis Allamanis , Marc Brockschmidt , Oleksandr Polozov

We seek to align agent behavior with a user's objectives in a reinforcement learning setting with unknown dynamics, an unknown reward function, and unknown unsafe states. The user knows the rewards and unsafe states, but querying the user…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Siddharth Reddy , Anca D. Dragan , Sergey Levine , Shane Legg , Jan Leike

Recent years have seen the proposal of a number of neural architectures for the problem of Program Induction. Given a set of input-output examples, these architectures are able to learn mappings that generalize to new test inputs. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Emilio Parisotto , Abdel-rahman Mohamed , Rishabh Singh , Lihong Li , Dengyong Zhou , Pushmeet Kohli

Synthetic training data has gained prominence in numerous learning tasks and scenarios, offering advantages such as dataset augmentation, generalization evaluation, and privacy preservation. Despite these benefits, the efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Jianhao Yuan , Jie Zhang , Shuyang Sun , Philip Torr , Bo Zhao

Toward combining inductive reasoning with perception abilities, we develop techniques for neurosymbolic program synthesis where perceptual input is first parsed by neural nets into a low-dimensional interpretable representation, which is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Hao Tang , Kevin Ellis

Program synthesis from incomplete specifications (e.g. input-output examples) has gained popularity and found real-world applications, primarily due to its ease-of-use. Since this technology is often used in an interactive setting,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Vu Le , Daniel Perelman , Oleksandr Polozov , Mohammad Raza , Abhishek Udupa , Sumit Gulwani

Many data extraction tasks of practical relevance require not only syntactic pattern matching but also semantic reasoning about the content of the underlying text. While regular expressions are very well suited for tasks that require only…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Qiaochu Chen , Arko Banerjee , Çağatay Demiralp , Greg Durrett , Isil Dillig

Pragmatic reasoning helps interlocutors infer intended meaning from ambiguous or underspecified messages by considering shared context and counterfactual alternatives. Similar challenges arise in natural language-to-code generation, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhuchen Cao , Sven Apel , Adish Singla , Vera Demberg

Automatic measures of similarity between utterances are invaluable for training speech synthesizers, evaluating machine translation, and assessing learner productions. While there exist measures for semantic similarity and prosodic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Nigel G. Ward , Divette Marco

Many approaches to program synthesis perform a search within an enormous space of programs to find one that satisfies a given specification. Prior works have used neural models to guide combinatorial search algorithms, but such approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kensen Shi , Hanjun Dai , Kevin Ellis , Charles Sutton

Data synthesis for training large reasoning models offers a scalable alternative to limited, human-curated datasets, enabling the creation of high-quality data. However, existing approaches face several challenges: (i) indiscriminate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yongxian Wei , Yilin Zhao , Zixuan Hu , Li Shen , Xinrui Chen , Runxi Cheng , Sinan Du , Hao Yu , Chun Yuan , Dian Li