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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in generating Verilog code from natural language descriptions. However, Verilog code inherently encodes structural information of hardware circuits. Effectively leveraging…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiayu Zhao , Song Chen

Register Transfer Level (RTL) design translates high-level specifications into hardware using HDLs such as Verilog. Although LLM-based RTL generation is promising, the scarcity of functionally verifiable high-quality data limits both…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinyu Zhang , Zhiteng Chao , Yonghao Wang , Bin Sun , Tianyun Ma , Tianmeng Yang , Jianan Mu , Jing Justin Ye , Huawei Li

Transaction-Level Verilog (TL-Verilog) is an emerging extension to SystemVerilog that supports a new design methodology, called transaction-level design. A transaction, in this methodology, is an entity that moves through structures like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Steven Hoover , Ahmed Salman

Despite limited success in large language model (LLM)-based register-transfer-level (RTL) code generation, the root causes of errors remain poorly understood. To address this, we conduct a comprehensive error analysis, finding that most…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiazheng Zhang , Cheng Liu , Long Cheng , Xiaowei Li , Huawei Li

The automated generation of design RTL based on large language model (LLM) and natural language instructions has demonstrated great potential in agile circuit design. However, the lack of datasets and benchmarks in the public domain…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shang Liu , Yao Lu , Wenji Fang , Mengming Li , Zhiyao Xie

Innovative Electronic Design Automation (EDA) solutions are important to meet the design requirements for increasingly complex electronic devices. Verilog, a hardware description language, is widely used for the design and verification of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Enrique Dehaerne , Bappaditya Dey , Sandip Halder , Stefan De Gendt

Estimating the quality of register transfer level (RTL) designs is crucial in the electronic design automation (EDA) workflow, as it enables instant feedback on key metrics like area and delay without the need for time-consuming logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yi Liu , Hongji Zhang , Yiwen Wang , Dimitris Tsaras , Lei Chen , Mingxuan Yuan , Qiang Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have improved Verilog generation from natural-language specifications, but most pipelines still treat generation as isolated sampling followed by functional checking. This is insufficient for practical RTL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Yu Zhang , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

LLMs have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in automatic RTL code generation, achieving high syntactic and functional correctness. However, most methods focus on functional correctness while overlooking critical physical design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yaoxiang Wang , Qi Shi , ShangZhan Li , Qingguo Hu , Xinyu Yin , Bo Guo , Xu Han , Maosong Sun , Jinsong Su

We introduce pyGSL, a Python library that provides efficient implementations of state-of-the-art graph structure learning models along with diverse datasets to evaluate them on. The implementations are written in GPU-friendly ways, allowing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Max Wasserman , Gonzalo Mateos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for generating RTL code. However, producing error-free RTL code in a zero-shot setting remains highly challenging for even state-of-the-art LLMs, often leading to issues that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Mubashir ul Islam , Humza Sami , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

Large Language Models have emerged as powerful tools for automating Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code generation, yet they face critical limitations: existing approaches typically fail to simultaneously optimize functional correctness and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhirong Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Zhuolin Li , Cangyuan Li , Xinyang He , Chujie Chen , Mengdi Wang , Haobo Xu , Yinhe Han , Huawei Li , Ying Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable progress in visual understanding, yet they suffer from a critical limitation: structural blindness. Even state-of-the-art models fail to capture topology and symbolic logic in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Chengwei Ma , Zhen Tian , Zhou Zhou , Zhixian Xu , Xiaowei Zhu , Xia Hua , Si Shi , F. Richard Yu

Graph-based Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely studied approach for improving the reasoning, accuracy, and factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, many existing graph-based RAG systems overlook the high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Qiao Xiao , Hong Ting Tsang , Jiaxin Bai

Automating Register Transfer Level (RTL) code generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) offers substantial promise for streamlining digital circuit design and reducing human effort. However, current LLM-based approaches face significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yiting Wang , Guoheng Sun , Wanghao Ye , Gang Qu , Ang Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense potential in computer-aided design (CAD), particularly for automated debugging and verification within electronic design automation (EDA) tools. However, Design for Testability (DFT)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haomin Qi , Yuyang Du , Lihao Zhang , Soung Chang Liew , Kexin Chen , Yining Du

We explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate high-quality Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code with minimal human interference. The traditional RTL design workflow requires human experts to manually write high-quality RTL…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hanxian Huang , Zhenghan Lin , Zixuan Wang , Xin Chen , Ke Ding , Jishen Zhao

The automatic generation of Verilog code using Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant interest in hardware design automation. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs in Verilog generation fall short in replicating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Pengwei Jin , Di Huang , Chongxiao Li , Shuyao Cheng , Yang Zhao , Xinyao Zheng , Jiaguo Zhu , Shuyi Xing , Bohan Dou , Rui Zhang , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Xing Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in automating the generation of Verilog hardware description language code for hardware design. This automation is critical to reducing human effort in the complex and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ping Guo , Yiting Wang , Wanghao Ye , Yexiao He , Ziyao Wang , Xiaopeng Dai , Ang Li , Qingfu Zhang

The automatic generation of RTL code (e.g., Verilog) using natural language instructions and large language models (LLMs) has attracted significant research interest recently. However, most existing approaches heavily rely on commercial…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Shang Liu , Wenji Fang , Yao Lu , Qijun Zhang , Hongce Zhang , Zhiyao Xie