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Spatial commonsense, the knowledge about spatial position and relationship between objects (like the relative size of a lion and a girl, and the position of a boy relative to a bicycle when cycling), is an important part of commonsense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Xiao Liu , Da Yin , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Despite progress in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), their capacity for visual reasoning is often limited by the binding problem: the failure to reliably associate perceptual features with their correct visual referents. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Amirmohammad Izadi , Mohammad Ali Banayeeanzade , Fatemeh Askari , Ali Rahimiakbar , Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi , Hosein Hasani , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Spatial reasoning, which requires ability to perceive and manipulate spatial relationships in the 3D world, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence, yet remains a persistent challenge for Multimodal large language models (MLLMs).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Weichen Liu , Qiyao Xue , Haoming Wang , Xiangyu Yin , Boyuan Yang , Wei Gao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced rapidly, but their ability to capture spatial relationships remains a blindspot. Current VLMs are typically built with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) style image encoders. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Nahid Alam , Leema Krishna Murali , Siddhant Bharadwaj , Patrick Liu , Timothy Chung , Drishti Sharma , Akshata A , Kranthi Kiran , Wesley Tam , Bala Krishna S Vegesna

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been increasingly applied in real-world scenarios due to their outstanding understanding and reasoning capabilities. Although VLMs have already demonstrated impressive capabilities in common visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuechen Xie , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yicheng Shan , Hao Zhu , Rui Tang , Rong Wei , Mingli Song , Yuanyu Wan , Jie Song

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased exceptional Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning ability in complex textual inference tasks including causal reasoning. However, will these causalities remain straightforward when crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhiyuan Li , Heng Wang , Dongnan Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Ao Ma , Jieting Long , Weidong Cai

Open-vocabulary 3D visual grounding aims to localize target objects based on free-form language queries, which is crucial for embodied AI applications such as autonomous navigation, robotics, and augmented reality. Learning 3D language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Zhenyang Liu , Sixiao Zheng , Siyu Chen , Cairong Zhao , Longfei Liang , Xiangyang Xue , Yanwei Fu

We present MetaSpatial, the first reinforcement learning (RL)-based framework designed to enhance 3D spatial reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs), enabling real-time 3D scene generation without the need for hard-coded optimizations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhenyu Pan , Han Liu

Visual reasoning, the capability to interpret visual input in response to implicit text query through multi-step reasoning, remains a challenge for deep learning models due to the lack of relevant benchmarks. Previous work in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yiqing Shen , Chenjia Li , Chenxiao Fan , Mathias Unberath

Recent progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has demonstrated strong semantic understanding capabilities, but struggles to perform precise spatio-temporal understanding. Existing spatio-temporal methods primarily focus on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wentao Wang , Heqing Zou , Tianze Luo , Rui Huang , Yutian Zhao , Zhuochen Wang , Hansheng Zhang , Chengwei Qin , Yan Wang , Lin Zhao , Huaijian Zhang

Unsupervised object-centric representation (OCR) learning has recently drawn attention as a new paradigm of visual representation. This is because of its potential of being an effective pre-training technique for various downstream tasks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Jaesik Yoon , Yi-Fu Wu , Heechul Bae , Sungjin Ahn

In this paper we address the task of visual place recognition (VPR), where the goal is to retrieve the correct GPS coordinates of a given query image against a huge geotagged gallery. While recent works have shown that building descriptors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Valerio Paolicelli , Antonio Tavera , Carlo Masone , Gabriele Berton , Barbara Caputo

The interpretation of spatial references is highly contextual, requiring joint inference over both language and the environment. We consider the task of spatial reasoning in a simulated environment, where an agent can act and receive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Michael Janner , Karthik Narasimhan , Regina Barzilay

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for eliciting reasoning chains before generating final answers. However, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generate reasoning that lacks integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Omar Sharif , Eftekhar Hossain , Patrick Ng

Spatio-temporal reasoning is a remarkable capability of Vision Language Models (VLMs), but the underlying mechanisms of such abilities remain largely opaque. We postulate that visual/geometrical and textual representations of spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Raphi Kang , Hongqiao Chen , Georgia Gkioxari , Pietro Perona

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision that improves the reliability of reasoning in large language models. While PRMs have been extensively studied in text-based domains, their extension to Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Brandon Ong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , William Chandra Tjhi , Soujanya Poria

Vision-language models (VLMs) are emerging as powerful generalist tools for remote sensing, capable of integrating information across diverse tasks and enabling flexible, instruction-based interactions via a chat interface. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Aysim Toker , Andreea-Maria Oncescu , Roy Miles , Ismail Elezi , Jiankang Deng

This paper proposes a novel approach to learn commonsense from images, instead of limited raw texts or costly constructed knowledge bases, for the commonsense reasoning problem in NLP. Our motivation comes from the fact that an image is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Wanqing Cui , Yanyan Lan , Liang Pang , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Spatial reasoning in vision language models (VLMs) remains fragile when semantics hinge on subtle temporal or geometric cues. We introduce a synthetic benchmark that probes two complementary skills: situational awareness (recognizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Pascal Benschop , Justin Dauwels , Jan van Gemert

Vision language models (VLMs) are designed to extract relevant visuospatial information from images. Some research suggests that VLMs can exhibit humanlike scene understanding, while other investigations reveal difficulties in their ability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Sangeet Khemlani , Tyler Tran , Nathaniel Gyory , Anthony M. Harrison , Wallace E. Lawson , Ravenna Thielstrom , Hunter Thompson , Taaren Singh , J. Gregory Trafton