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The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem (QUBO) has become a unifying model for representing a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems, and for linking a variety of disciplines that face these problems. A new class…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Mark Lewis , Fred Glover

With the development of quantum computing, the use of quantum algorithms to solve combinatorial optimization problems on quantum computers has become a major research focus. The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) model…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Haoqian Pan , Changhong Lu

Quantum annealing technologies aim to solve computational optimization and sampling problems. QPU (Quantum Processing Unit) machines such as the D-Wave system use the QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) formula to define…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-28 Toufan D. Tambunan , Andriyan B. Suksmono , Ian J. M. Edward , Rahmat Mulyawan

Combinatorial optimization is considered a promising class of problems in which quantum computers can show significant advantages. However, problems of practical relevance typically have more variables than current or foreseeable quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Mathias Schmid , Naeimeh Mohseni , Michael J. Hartmann

This article empirically examines the computational cost of solving a known hard problem, graph clustering, using novel purpose-built computer hardware. We express the graph clustering problem as an intra-cluster distance or dissimilarity…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Pierre Miasnikof , Seo Hong , Yuri Lawryshyn

Quantum computing is developing fast. Real world applications are within reach in the coming years. One of the most promising areas is combinatorial optimisation, where the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-06 Frank Phillipson , Irina Chiscop

Graph partitioning has many applications in powersystems from decentralized state estimation to parallel simulation. Focusing on parallel simulation, optimal grid partitioning minimizes the idle time caused by different simulation times for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Carsten Hartmann , Junjie Zhang , Carlos D. Gonzalez Calaza , Thiemo Pesch , Kristel Michielsen , Andrea Benigni

There is a growing interest in harnessing the potential of the Rydberg-atom system to address complex combinatorial optimization challenges. Here we present an experimental demonstration of how the quadratic unconstrained binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Andrew Byun , Junwoo Jung , Kangheun Kim , Minhyuk Kim , Seokho Jeong , Heejeong Jeong , Jaewook Ahn

The field of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) is crucial for microelectronics, but the increasing complexity of Integrated Circuits (ICs) poses challenges for conventional EDA: Corresponding problems are often NP-hard and are therefore in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Matthias Jung , Sven O. Krumke , Christof Schroth , Elisabeth Lobe , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum Annealing (QA) can efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems whose objective functions are represented by Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulations. For broader applicability of QA, quadratization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Hyakka Nakada , Shu Tanaka

We extend the family of problems that may be implemented on an adiabatic quantum optimizer (AQO). When a quadratic optimization problem has at least one set of discrete controls and the constraints are linear, we call this a quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Rishabh Chandra , N. Tobias Jacobson , Jonathan E. Moussa , Steven H. Frankel , Sabre Kais

Combinatorial optimization problems play a central role in computer science with many real world applications. A number of relevant problems remain computationally difficult to solve as they lie in the NP-hard complexity class. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Kapil Goswami , Peter Schmelcher

The Digital Annealer is a CMOS hardware designed by Fujitsu Laboratories for high-speed solving of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems that could be difficult to solve by means of existing general-purpose computers.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-04 Bruno Hideki Fukushima-Kimura , Noe Kawamoto , Eitaro Noda , Akira Sakai

Neutral atom arrays provide a versatile platform to implement coherent quantum annealing as an approach to solving hard combinatorial optimization problems. Here we present and experimentally demonstrate an efficient encoding scheme based…

In this paper, we develop a way to encode several NP-Complete problems in Abstract Argumentation to Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems. In this form, a solution for a QUBO problem involves minimizing a quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Marco Baioletti , Francesco Santini

Quantum computing offers significant potential for solving NP-hard combinatorial (optimization) problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers. One way to tap into this potential is by reformulating combinatorial problems as a…

The broad applicability of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) constitutes a general-purpose modeling framework for combinatorial optimization problems and are a required format for gate array and quantum annealing computers.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis

The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) modeling and solution framework is a requirement for quantum and digital annealers. However optimality for QUBO problems of any practical size is extremely difficult to achieve. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis

We present Quafu-Qcover, an open-source cloud-based software package designed for combinatorial optimization problems that support both quantum simulators and hardware backends. Quafu-Qcover provides a standardized and complete workflow for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-30 BAQIS Quafu Group

We introduce a qubit- and gate-efficient higher-order unconstrained binary optimization (HUBO) encoding for graph partitioning problems requiring label-count minimization. This widely applicable class of problems includes minimum graph…