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Quantization is a proven effective method for compressing large language models. Although popular techniques like W8A8 and W4A16 effectively maintain model performance, they often fail to concurrently speed up the prefill and decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Ying Zhang , Peng Zhang , Mincong Huang , Jingyang Xiang , Yujie Wang , Chao Wang , Yineng Zhang , Lei Yu , Chuan Liu , Wei Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer severe performance degradation when facing extremely low-bit (sub 2-bit) quantization. Several existing sub 2-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) methods utilize a mix-precision scheme by leveraging an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Ming Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Kaihao Zhang , Weili Guan , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are costly to deploy due to their large memory footprint and high inference cost. Weight-activation quantization can reduce these costs, but low-bit activation quantization remains difficult because activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chayne Thrash , Ali Abbasi , Soheil Kolouri

Large Language Models (LLMs) with multimodal capabilities have revolutionized vision-language tasks, but their deployment often requires huge memory and computational resources. While post-training quantization (PTQ) has successfully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shubhang Bhatnagar , Andy Xu , Kar-Han Tan , Narendra Ahuja

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in diverse applications but suffer inefficiency due to massive scale. While quantization reduces computational costs, existing methods degrade accuracy in medium-sized LLMs (e.g., Llama-3-8B) due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuxuan Hu , Xiaodong Chen , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various domains, but they are constrained by massive computational and storage costs. Quantization, an effective technique for compressing models to fit resource-limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Han Liu , Haotian Gao , Xiaotong Zhang , Changya Li , Feng Zhang , Wei Wang , Fenglong Ma , Hong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown an impressive capability in code generation. The LLM effectiveness generally increases with its size: The higher the number of LLM's trainable parameters the better its ability to implement code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Alessandro Giagnorio , Antonio Mastropaolo , Saima Afrin , Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various tasks. However their huge model size and the consequent demand for computational and memory resources also pose challenges to model deployment. Currently, 4-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Jiayi Pan , Chengcan Wang , Kaifu Zheng , Yangguang Li , Zhenyu Wang , Bin Feng

The quantization of large language models (LLMs) has been a prominent research area aimed at enabling their lightweight deployment in practice. Existing research about LLM's quantization has mainly explored the interplay between weights and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yifei Gao , Jie Ou , Lei Wang , Jun Cheng , Mengchu Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application is constrained by substantial memory and computational demands. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is considered an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Chao Zeng , Songwei Liu , Yusheng Xie , Hong Liu , Xiaojian Wang , Miao Wei , Shu Yang , Fangmin Chen , Xing Mei

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a widely used approach for reducing the memory and compute costs of large language models (LLMs). Recent studies have shown that applying invertible transformations to activations can significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Ofir Gordon , Lior Dikstein , Arnon Netzer , Idan Achituve , Hai Victor Habi

Quantization is a widely-used compression technology to reduce the overhead of serving large language models (LLMs) on terminal devices and in cloud data centers. However, prevalent quantization methods, such as 8-bit weight-activation or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Lian Liu , Haimeng Ren , Long Cheng , Zhaohui Xu , Yudong Pan , Mengdi Wang , Xiaowei Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

Large language models have significantly advanced natural language processing, yet their heavy resource demands pose severe challenges regarding hardware accessibility and energy consumption. This paper presents a focused and high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Tollef Emil Jørgensen

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is an effective technique for compressing Large Language Models (LLMs). While many studies focus on quantizing both weights and activations, it is still a challenge to maintain the accuracy of LLM after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Wenyuan Liu , Xindian Ma , Peng Zhang , Yan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but face deployment challenges due to hardware constraints. We propose density-aware post-training weight-only quantization (DAQ), which has two stages: 1) density-centric alignment, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yingsong Luo , Ling Chen

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in resource-constrained environments is hindered by heavy computational and memory requirements. We present LBLLM, a lightweight binarization framework that achieves effective W(1+1)A4 quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Siqing Song , Chuang Wang , Yong Lang , Yi Yang , Xu-Yao Zhang

Recently, quantization has been widely used for the compression and acceleration of large language models (LLMs). Due to the outliers in LLMs, it is crucial to flatten weights and activations to minimize quantization error with equally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yuxuan Sun , Ruikang Liu , Haoli Bai , Han Bao , Kang Zhao , Yuening Li , Jiaxin Hu , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Xin Jiang , Wulong Liu , Jun Yao

Weight-only quantization has become a standard approach for efficiently serving large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods fail to efficiently compress models to binary (1-bit) levels, as they either require large amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hyochan Chong , Dongkyu Kim , Changdong Kim , Minseop Choi

The increasing size and complexity of large language models (LLMs) have raised significant challenges in deployment efficiency, particularly under resource constraints. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a practical solution by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Han Liu , Haotian Gao , Changya Li , Feng Zhang , Xiaotong Zhang , Wei Wang , Hong Yu

Reasoning models excel at complex tasks such as coding and mathematics, yet their inference is often slow and token-inefficient. To improve the inference efficiency, post-training quantization (PTQ) usually comes with the cost of large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Keyu Lv , Manyi Zhang , Xiaobo Xia , Jingchen Ni , Shannan Yan , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Haoli Bai