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Model collapse in synthetic data indicates that iterative training on self-generated data leads to a gradual decline in performance. With the proliferation of AI models, synthetic data will fundamentally reshape the web data ecosystem.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xuekai Zhu , Daixuan Cheng , Hengli Li , Kaiyan Zhang , Ermo Hua , Xingtai Lv , Ning Ding , Zhouhan Lin , Zilong Zheng , Bowen Zhou

Quality estimation (QE) is the task of automatically evaluating the quality of translations without human-translated references. Calculating BLEU between the input sentence and round-trip translation (RTT) was once considered as a metric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Jihyung Moon , Hyunchang Cho , Eunjeong L. Park

Generating versatile and appropriate synthetic speech requires control over the output expression separate from the spoken text. Important non-textual speech variation is seldom annotated, in which case output control must be learned in an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-09-11 Gustav Eje Henter , Jaime Lorenzo-Trueba , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi

Multimodal Machine Translation (MMT) aims to improve translation quality by leveraging auxiliary modalities such as images alongside textual input. While recent advances in large-scale pre-trained language and vision models have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Zhuang Yu , Shiliang Sun , Jing Zhao , Tengfei Song , Hao Yang

Providing quality scores along with Machine Translation (MT) output, so-called reference-free Quality Estimation (QE), is crucial to inform users about the reliability of the translation. We propose a model-specific, unsupervised QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Tu Anh Dinh , Tobias Palzer , Jan Niehues

End-to-end Speech Translation (ST) models have many potential advantages when compared to the cascade of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and text Machine Translation (MT) models, including lowered inference latency and the avoidance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Ye Jia , Melvin Johnson , Wolfgang Macherey , Ron J. Weiss , Yuan Cao , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Naveen Ari , Stella Laurenzo , Yonghui Wu

This paper studies the practicality of the current state-of-the-art unsupervised methods in neural machine translation (NMT). In ten translation tasks with various data settings, we analyze the conditions under which the unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Yunsu Kim , Miguel Graça , Hermann Ney

Quality Estimation (QE) metrics are vital in machine translation for reference-free evaluation and increasingly serve as selection criteria in data filtering and candidate reranking. However, the prevalence and impact of length bias in QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yilin Zhang , Wenda Xu , Zhongtao Liu , Tetsuji Nakagawa , Markus Freitag

Semi-supervised learning that leverages synthetic data for training has been widely adopted for developing automatic post-editing (APE) models due to the lack of training data. With this aim, we focus on data-synthesis methods to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wonkee Lee , Seong-Hwan Heo , Jong-Hyeok Lee

Pre-training has proven to be effective in unsupervised machine translation due to its ability to model deep context information in cross-lingual scenarios. However, the cross-lingual information obtained from shared BPE spaces is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Shuo Ren , Yu Wu , Shujie Liu , Ming Zhou , Shuai Ma

Unsupervised neural machine translation(NMT) is associated with noise and errors in synthetic data when executing vanilla back-translations. Here, we explicitly exploits language model(LM) to drive construction of an unsupervised NMT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Wei Zhang , Youyuan Lin , Ruoran Ren , Xiaodong Wang , Zhenshuang Liang , Zhen Huang

We present MLQE-PE, a new dataset for Machine Translation (MT) Quality Estimation (QE) and Automatic Post-Editing (APE). The dataset contains eleven language pairs, with human labels for up to 10,000 translations per language pair in the…

In this work we present a systematic empirical study focused on the suitability of the state-of-the-art multilingual encoders for cross-lingual document and sentence retrieval tasks across a number of diverse language pairs. We first treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Robert Litschko , Ivan Vulić , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Goran Glavaš

In this paper, we present our submission to the sentence-level MQM benchmark at Quality Estimation Shared Task, named UniTE (Unified Translation Evaluation). Specifically, our systems employ the framework of UniTE, which combined three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Keqin Bao , Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Wenqiang Lei , Xiangnan He , Derek F. Wong , Jun Xie

The challenges facing speech recognition systems, such as variations in pronunciations, adverse audio conditions, and the scarcity of labeled data, emphasize the necessity for a post-processing step that corrects recurring errors. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Tomer Wullach , Shlomo E. Chazan

Achieving universal translation between all human language pairs is the holy-grail of machine translation (MT) research. While recent progress in massively multilingual MT is one step closer to reaching this goal, it is becoming evident…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Aditya Siddhant , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Yuan Cao , Mia Xu Chen , Isaac Caswell , Xavier Garcia

Current Machine Translation (MT) systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and datasets. However, they are known to produce fluent translation outputs that can contain important meaning errors, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Diptesh Kanojia , Marina Fomicheva , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Frédéric Blain , Constantin Orăsan , Lucia Specia

In the presented study, we discover that the so-called "transition freedom" metric appears superior for unsupervised tokenization purposes in comparison to statistical metrics such as mutual information and conditional probability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Anton Kolonin , Vignav Ramesh

Recent progress in scaling up large language models has shown impressive capabilities in performing few-shot learning across a wide range of text-based tasks. However, a key limitation is that these language models fundamentally lack visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Hao Liu , Wilson Yan , Pieter Abbeel

Unsupervised cross-lingual pretraining has achieved strong results in neural machine translation (NMT), by drastically reducing the need for large parallel data. Most approaches adapt masked-language modeling (MLM) to sequence-to-sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Christos Baziotis , Ivan Titov , Alexandra Birch , Barry Haddow