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Extreme multi-label classification or XMLC, is an active area of interest in machine learning. Compared to traditional multi-label classification, here the number of labels is extremely large, hence, the name extreme multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Arpan Dasgupta , Preeti Lamba , Ankita Kushwaha , Kiran Ravish , Siddhant Katyan , Shrutimoy Das , Pawan Kumar

Extreme multilabel classification (XMLC) problems occur in settings such as related product recommendation, large-scale document tagging, or ad prediction, and are characterized by a label space that can span millions of possible labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Nasib Ullah , Erik Schultheis , Jinbin Zhang , Rohit Babbar

Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMTC) has been a tough challenge in machine learning research and applications due to the sheer sizes of the label spaces and the severe data scarce problem associated with the long tail of rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Ruohong Zhang , Yau-Shian Wang , Yiming Yang , Donghan Yu , Tom Vu , Likun Lei

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) is the problem of finding the relevant labels for an input, from a very large universe of possible labels. We consider XMC in the setting where labels are available only for groups of samples - but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yanyao Shen , Hsiang-fu Yu , Sujay Sanghavi , Inderjit Dhillon

The propensity model introduced by Jain et al. 2016 has become a standard approach for dealing with missing and long-tail labels in extreme multi-label classification (XMLC). In this paper, we critically revise this approach showing that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Erik Schultheis , Marek Wydmuch , Rohit Babbar , Krzysztof Dembczyński

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) refers to the task of tagging instances with small subsets of relevant labels coming from an extremely large set of all possible labels. Recently, XMLC has been widely applied to diverse web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Marek Wydmuch , Kalina Jasinska-Kobus , Rohit Babbar , Krzysztof Dembczyński

The goal in extreme multi-label classification is to learn a classifier which can assign a small subset of relevant labels to an instance from an extremely large set of target labels. Datasets in extreme classification exhibit a long tail…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-06 Rohit Babbar , Bernhard Schölkopf

The goal in extreme multi-label classification (XMC) is to tag an instance with a small subset of relevant labels from an extremely large set of possible labels. In addition to the computational burden arising from large number of training…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-02 Erik Schultheis , Mohammadreza Qaraei , Priyanshu Gupta , Rohit Babbar

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) aims to learn a model that can tag data points with a subset of relevant labels from an extremely large label set. Real world e-commerce applications like personalized recommendations and product…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Tavor Z. Baharav , Daniel L. Jiang , Kedarnath Kolluri , Sujay Sanghavi , Inderjit S. Dhillon

For extreme multi-label classification (XMC), existing classification-based models poorly perform for tail labels and often ignore the semantic relations among labels, like treating "Wikipedia" and "Wiki" as independent and separate labels.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Taehee Jung , Joo-Kyung Kim , Sungjin Lee , Dongyeop Kang

We consider the optimization of complex performance metrics in multi-label classification under the population utility framework. We mainly focus on metrics linearly decomposable into a sum of binary classification utilities applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Erik Schultheis , Wojciech Kotłowski , Marek Wydmuch , Rohit Babbar , Strom Borman , Krzysztof Dembczyński

In this paper, we focus on data augmentation for the extreme multi-label classification (XMC) problem. One of the most challenging issues of XMC is the long tail label distribution where even strong models suffer from insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Danqing Zhang , Tao Li , Haiyang Zhang , Bing Yin

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) is a problem of tagging an instance with a small subset of relevant labels chosen from an extremely large pool of possible labels. Large label spaces can be efficiently handled by organizing labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Marek Wydmuch , Kalina Jasinska , Mikhail Kuznetsov , Róbert Busa-Fekete , Krzysztof Dembczyński

Classification on long-tailed distributed data is a challenging problem, which suffers from serious class-imbalance and accordingly unpromising performance especially on tail classes. Recently, the ensembling based methods achieve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Bolian Li , Zongbo Han , Haining Li , Huazhu Fu , Changqing Zhang

Multi-label learning has attracted significant attention from both academic and industry field in recent decades. Although existing multi-label learning algorithms achieved good performance in various tasks, they implicitly assume the size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Tong Wei , Zhen Mao , Jiang-Xin Shi , Yu-Feng Li , Min-Ling Zhang

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) is a learning task of tagging instances with a small subset of relevant labels chosen from an extremely large pool of possible labels. Problems of this scale can be efficiently handled by organizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Kalina Jasinska-Kobus , Marek Wydmuch , Krzysztof Dembczynski , Mikhail Kuznetsov , Robert Busa-Fekete

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) is a task for tagging a given text with the most relevant labels from an extremely large label set. We propose a novel deep learning method called APLC-XLNet. Our approach fine-tunes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Hui Ye , Zhiyu Chen , Da-Han Wang , Brian D. Davison

Uncertainty quantification is one of the most crucial tasks to obtain trustworthy and reliable machine learning models for decision making. However, most research in this domain has only focused on problems with small label spaces and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Jyun-Yu Jiang , Wei-Cheng Chang , Jiong Zhong , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Hsiang-Fu Yu

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) is the task of tagging each document with the relevant labels from a very large space of predefined categories. Recently, large pre-trained Transformer models have made significant performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Ruohong Zhang , Yau-Shian Wang , Yiming Yang , Tom Vu , Likun Lei

Extreme multi-label learning (XML) or classification has been a practical and important problem since the boom of big data. The main challenge lies in the exponential label space which involves $2^L$ possible label sets especially when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Wenjie Zhang , Junchi Yan , Xiangfeng Wang , Hongyuan Zha
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