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In particle therapy, knowledge of the stopping-power ratios (STPRs) of the ion beam for air and water is necessary for accurate ionization chamber dosimetry. Earlier work has investigated the STPRs for pristine carbon ion beams, but here we…
High-pressure combustion is central to modern propulsion and power-generation systems, where operating pressures often exceed the critical point of working fluids, resulting in pronounced real-fluid effects that fundamentally alter…
PET super-resolution is highly under-constrained because paired multi-resolution scans from the same subject are rarely available, and effective resolution is determined by scanner-specific physics (e.g., PSF, detector geometry, and…
The interaction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with air nuclei triggers extensive air showers that reach their maximal energy deposition at the atmospheric depth $X_{\max}$. The distribution of this shower observable encodes information…
Diffraction radiation (DR) is produced when a charged particle passes through an aperture or near a discontinuity in the media in which it is traveling. DR is closely related to transition radiation (TR), which is produced when a charged…
Post-training alignment of diffusion models relies on simplified signals, such as scalar rewards or binary preferences. This limits alignment with complex human expertise, which is hierarchical and fine-grained. To address this, we first…
Reference-based Image Super-Resolution (RefSR) aims to restore a low-resolution (LR) image by utilizing the semantic and texture information from an additional reference high-resolution (reference HR) image. Existing diffusion-based RefSR…
The prediction of the drop size distribution (DSD) resulting from liquid atomization is key to the optimization of multi-phase flows, from gas-turbine propulsion, through agriculture, to healthcare. Obtaining high-fidelity data of liquid…
This paper introduces the Single-Cell Perturbation Prediction Diffusion Model (scPPDM), the first diffusion-based framework for single-cell drug-response prediction from scRNA-seq data. scPPDM couples two condition channels,…
The empirical velocity of a reaction-diffusion front, propagating into an unstable state, fluctuates because of the shot noises of the reactions and diffusion. Under certain conditions these fluctuations can be described as a diffusion…
The PANDA experiment at the FAIR facility adresses open questions in hadron physics with antiproton beams in the momentum range of 1.5-15 GeV/c. The antiprotons are stored and cooled in a High Energy Storage RING (HESR) with a momentum…
We demonstrate that the `microscopic' field theory representation, directly derived from the corresponding master equation, fails to adequately capture the continuous nonequilibrium phase transition of the Pair Contact Process with…
Scientific applications produce vast amounts of data, posing grand challenges in the underlying data management and analytic tasks. Progressive compression is a promising way to address this problem, as it allows for on-demand data…
This paper presents a novel First Order Plus Fractional Diffusive Delay (FOPFDD) model, capable of modeling delay dominant systems with high accuracy. The novelty of the FOPFDD is the Fractional Diffusive Delay (FDD) term, an exponential…
Reward finetuning has emerged as a promising approach to aligning foundation models with downstream objectives. Remarkable success has been achieved in the language domain by using reinforcement learning (RL) to maximize rewards that…
Autocorrelation of electromagnetic fields emitted by high-power microwave sources makes it possible to determine the phase diffusion coefficient $D$. The value of $D$ imposes significant constraints on synchronization of several HPM…
Compositional diffusion planning generates long-horizon trajectories by stitching together overlapping short-horizon segments through score composition. However, when local plan distributions are multimodal, existing compositional methods…
Fusion power plants require ELM-free, detached operation to prevent divertor damage and erosion. The separatrix operational space (SepOS) is proposed as a tool for identifying access to the type-I ELM-free quasi-continuous exhaust regime.…
The PANDA experiment at the international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR), Darmstadt, Germany, will address fundamental questions of hadron physics using $\bar{p}p$ annihilations. Excellent Particle…
We present the final results from a novel Cherenkov imaging detector called the Focusing DIRC (FDIRC). This detector was designed as a full-scale prototype of the particle identification system for the SuperB experiment [1], and comprises…