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Medical Visual Question Answering (MVQA) systems can interpret medical images in response to natural language queries. However, linguistic variability in question phrasing often undermines the consistency of these systems. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yongpei Ma , Pengyu Wang , Adam Dunn , Usman Naseem , Jinman Kim

Millions of people take surveys every day, from market polls and academic studies to medical questionnaires and customer feedback forms. These datasets capture valuable insights, but their scale and structure present a unique challenge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Duc-Hai Nguyen , Vijayakumar Nanjappan , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

When deciding to read an article or incorporate it into their research, scholars often seek to quickly identify and understand its main ideas. In this paper, we aim to extract these key concepts and contributions from scientific articles in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Hosein Azarbonyad , Zi Long Zhu , Georgios Cheirmpos , Zubair Afzal , Vikrant Yadav , Georgios Tsatsaronis

Extractive reading comprehension systems are designed to locate the correct answer to a question within a given text. However, a persistent challenge lies in ensuring these models maintain high accuracy in answering questions while reliably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Qian-Wen Zhang , Fang Li , Jie Wang , Lingfeng Qiao , Yifei Yu , Di Yin , Xing Sun

Understanding events necessitates grasping their temporal context, which is often not explicitly stated in natural language. For example, it is not a trivial task for a machine to infer that a museum tour may last for a few hours, but can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Lekshmi R Nair , Arun Sankar , Koninika Pal

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has enabled us to seek answers to inherently debatable questions on LLM chatbots, necessitating a reliable way to evaluate their ability. However, traditional QA benchmarks assume fixed answers are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Rongwu Xu , Xuan Qi , Zehan Qi , Wei Xu , Zhijiang Guo

While large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing, they struggle with complex, multi-step reasoning tasks involving knowledge graphs (KGs). Existing approaches that integrate LLMs and KGs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Zixuan Dong , Baoyun Peng , Yufei Wang , Jia Fu , Xiaodong Wang , Yongxue Shan , Xin Zhou

Question answering (Q/A) can be formulated as a generative task (Mitra, 2017) where the task is to generate an answer given the question and the passage (knowledge, if available). Recent advances in QA task is focused a lot on language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Jyothir S , Zuhaib Akhtar

Community-based Question Answering (CQA) sites play an important role in addressing health information needs. However, a significant number of posted questions remain unanswered. Automatically answering the posted questions can provide a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-05 Papis Wongchaisuwat , Diego Klabjan , Siddhartha R. Jonnalagadda

As language models are adopted by a more sophisticated and diverse set of users, the importance of guaranteeing that they provide factually correct information supported by verifiable sources is critical across fields of study. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Chaitanya Malaviya , Subin Lee , Sihao Chen , Elizabeth Sieber , Mark Yatskar , Dan Roth

Attribution is crucial in question answering (QA) with Large Language Models (LLMs).SOTA question decomposition-based approaches use long form answers to generate questions for retrieving related documents. However, the generated questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zhichao Yan , Jiaoyan Chen , Jiapu Wang , Xiaoli Li , Ru Li , Jeff Z. Pan

Long-context question answering (QA) over literary texts poses significant challenges for modern large language models, particularly in low-resource languages. We address the scarcity of long-context QA resources for Indic languages by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Aarya Khandelwal , Ritwik Mishra , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Replying to formal emails is time-consuming and cognitively demanding, as it requires crafting polite phrasing and providing an adequate response to the sender's demands. Although systems with Large Language Models (LLMs) were designed to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yusuke Miura , Chi-Lan Yang , Masaki Kuribayashi , Keigo Matsumoto , Hideaki Kuzuoka , Shigeo Morishima

Text-based Question Generation (QG) aims at generating natural and relevant questions that can be answered by a given answer in some context. Existing QG models suffer from a "semantic drift" problem, i.e., the semantics of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Shiyue Zhang , Mohit Bansal

We present SQuAI (https://squai.scads.ai/), a scalable and trustworthy multi-agent retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework for scientific question answering (QA) with large language models (LLMs). SQuAI addresses key limitations of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ines Besrour , Jingbo He , Tobias Schreieder , Michael Färber

Question and answer generation (QAG) consists of generating a set of question-answer pairs given a context (e.g. a paragraph). This task has a variety of applications, such as data augmentation for question answering (QA) models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Asahi Ushio , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Jose Camacho-Collados

Retrieval question answering (ReQA) is the task of retrieving a sentence-level answer to a question from an open corpus (Ahmad et al.,2019).This paper presents MultiReQA, anew multi-domain ReQA evaluation suite com-posed of eight retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mandy Guo , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Qinlan Shen , Noah Constant

Recently, inference-time reasoning strategies have further improved the accuracy of large language models (LLMs), but their effectiveness on smaller models remains unclear. Based on the observation that conventional approaches often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jin Young Kim , Ji Won Yoon

In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for the task of entity-relation extraction. We cast the task as a multi-turn question answering problem, i.e., the extraction of entities and relations is transformed to the task of identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Xiaoya Li , Fan Yin , Zijun Sun , Xiayu Li , Arianna Yuan , Duo Chai , Mingxin Zhou , Jiwei Li

Factuality in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a persistent challenge. Current benchmarks often assess short factual answers, overlooking the critical ability to generate structured, multi-record tabular outputs from parametric knowledge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Dario Satriani , Enzo Veltri , Donatello Santoro , Paolo Papotti