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This technical report aims to fill a deficiency in the assessment of large multimodal models (LMMs) by specifically examining the self-consistency of their outputs when subjected to common corruptions. We investigate the cross-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jiawei Zhang , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Yi Ren , Bo Li , Min Lin

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) has been accompanied by an equally rapid increase of benchmarks used to assess them. However, due to both improved model competence resulting from scaling and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 İbrahim Ethem Deveci , Duygu Ataman

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used, but concerns about data contamination challenge the reliability of LLM evaluations. Existing contamination detection methods are often task-specific or require extra prerequisites, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yi Zhao , Jing Li , Linyi Yang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has heightened concerns about benchmark data contamination (BDC), where models inadvertently memorize evaluation data during the training process, inflating performance metrics, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Cheng Xu , Nan Yan , Shuhao Guan , Changhong Jin , Yuke Mei , Yibing Guo , M-Tahar Kechadi

The effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) is often hindered by duplicated data in their extensive pre-training datasets. Current approaches primarily focus on detecting and removing duplicates, which risks the loss of valuable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Nan He , Weichen Xiong , Hanwen Liu , Yi Liao , Lei Ding , Kai Zhang , Guohua Tang , Xiao Han , Wei Yang

Benchmarks are the de facto standard for tracking progress in large language models (LLMs), yet static test sets can rapidly saturate, become vulnerable to contamination, and are costly to refresh. Scalable evaluation of open-ended items…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yandan Zheng , Haoran Luo , Zhenghong Lin , Wenjin Liu , Luu Anh Tuan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and LLaMA, have significantly transformed Natural Language Processing (NLP) with their outstanding abilities in text generation, summarization, and classification.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Md Nazmus Sakib , Md Athikul Islam , Royal Pathak , Md Mashrur Arifin

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can infer personal attributes from seemingly innocuous text, raising privacy risks beyond memorized data leakage. While prior work has demonstrated these risks, little is known about how users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Synthia Wang , Sai Teja Peddinti , Nina Taft , Nick Feamster

Recent generative large language models (LLMs) show remarkable performance in non-English languages, but when prompted in those languages they tend to express higher harmful social biases and toxicity levels. Prior work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

We present ACCORD, a framework and benchmark suite for disentangling the commonsense grounding and reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) through controlled, multi-hop counterfactuals. ACCORD introduces formal elements to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 François Roewer-Després , Jinyue Feng , Zining Zhu , Frank Rudzicz

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes clinical settings demands rigorous and reliable evaluation. However, existing medical benchmarks remain static, suffering from two critical limitations: (1) data contamination,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhiling Yan , Dingjie Song , Zhe Fang , Yisheng Ji , Xiang Li , Quanzheng Li , Lichao Sun

Although language model scores are often treated as probabilities, their reliability as probability estimators has mainly been studied through calibration, overlooking other aspects. In particular, it is unclear whether language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Eitan Wagner , Yuli Slavutsky , Omri Abend

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across natural language processing tasks, yet their widespread deployment raises pressing concerns around privacy, copyright, security, and bias. Machine unlearning has emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized both general natural language processing and domain-specific applications such as code synthesis, legal reasoning, and finance. However, while prior studies have explored individual model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Gunjan Das , Paheli Bhattacharya , Rishabh Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o can help automate text classification tasks at low cost and scale. However, there are major concerns about the validity and reliability of LLM outputs. By contrast, human coding is generally more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Conrad Borchers , Danielle R. Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Ralph Abboud , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Recent regulatory initiatives like the European AI Act and relevant voices in the Machine Learning (ML) community stress the need to describe datasets along several key dimensions for trustworthy AI, such as the provenance processes and…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Joan Giner-Miguelez , Abel Gómez , Jordi Cabot

Existing benchmarks for tool-augmented language models (TaLMs) lack fine-grained control over task difficulty and remain vulnerable to data contamination. We present FuncBenchGen, a unified, contamination-free framework that evaluates TaLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Seiji Maekawa , Jackson Hassell , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Tom Mitchell , Estevam Hruschka

Large language models are increasingly relied upon as sources of information, but their propensity for generating false or misleading statements with high confidence poses risks for users and society. In this paper, we confront the critical…

Large language models (LLMs) show significant potential in healthcare, prompting numerous benchmarks to evaluate their capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding the reliability of these benchmarks, which often lack clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wenting Chen , Guo Yu , Yiu-Fai Cheung , Meidan Ding , Jie Liu , Zizhan Ma , Wenxuan Wang , Linlin Shen

Recent studies apply psychometric questionnaires to Large Language Models (LLMs) to assess high-level psychological constructs such as values, personality, moral foundations, and dark traits. Although prior work has raised concerns about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jongwook Han , Woojung Song , Jonggeun Lee , Yohan Jo
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