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The self-testing protocols refer to novel device-independent certification schemes wherein the devices are uncharacterised, and the dimension of the system remains unspecified. The optimal quantum violation of a Bell's inequality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Rajdeep Paul , Souradeep Sasmal , A. K. Pan

Self-testing is the strongest certification procedure that uniquely characterizes the physical system based on the observed statistics, without any knowledge of the inner workings of the devices. The optimal quantum violation of a Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Rajdeep Paul , Sneha Munshi , Alok Kumar Pan

Given a Bell inequality, if its maximal quantum violation can be achieved only by a single set of measurements for each party or a single quantum state, up to local unitaries, one refers to such a phenomenon as self-testing. For instance,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Shin-Liang Chen , Huan-Yu Ku , Wenbin Zhou , Jordi Tura , Yueh-Nan Chen

Based on a sequential communication game, semi-device independent certification of an unsharp instrument has recently been demonstrated [\href{https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/ab3773}{New J. Phys. 21 083034 (2019),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-30 Sumit Mukherjee , A. K. Pan

Unsharp quantum measurements provide a resource in scenarios where one faces the trade-off between information gain and disturbance. In this work we introduce a prepare-transform-measure scenario in which two-outcome unsharp measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-07 Nikolai Miklin , Jakub J. Borkała , Marcin Pawłowski

In a device-independent Bell test, the devices are considered to be black boxes and the dimension of the system remains unspecified. The dichotomic observables involved in such a Bell test can be degenerate and one may invoke a suitable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Prabuddha Roy , Shyam Sundar Mahato , Sumit Mukherjee , A. K. Pan

Bell inequalities are an important tool in device-independent quantum information processing because their violation can serve as a certificate of relevant quantum properties. Probably the best known example of a Bell inequality is due to…

Bell nonlocality as a resource for device independent certification schemes has been studied extensively in recent years. The strongest form of device independent certification is referred to as self-testing, which given a device certifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Shubhayan Sarkar , Debashis Saha , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Remigiusz Augusiak

Self testing is a device-independent technique based on non-local correlations whose aim is to certify the effective uniqueness of the quantum state and measurements needed to produce these correlations. It is known that the maximal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-12 Ivan Šupić , Remigiusz Augusiak , Alexia Salavrakos , Antonio Acín

The violation of Bell inequality not only provides the most radical departure of quantum theory from classical concepts, but also paves the way of applications in such as device independent randomness certification. Here, we derive the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Youwang Xiao , Xinhui Li , Jing Wang , Ming Li , Shao-Ming Fei

Device-independent (DI) tests allow to witness and quantify the quantum feature of a system, such as entanglement, without trusting the implementation devices. Although DI test is a powerful tool in many quantum information tasks, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-07 Xingjian Zhang , Yunchao Liu , Xiao Yuan

Bell nonlocality provides a device-independent (DI) way to certify quantum randomness, based on which true random numbers can be extracted from the observed correlations without detail characterizations on devices for quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Shuai Zhao , Rong Wang , Qi Zhao

Quantum measurements on a two-level system can have more than two independent outcomes, and in this case, the measurement cannot be projective. Measurements of this general type are essential to an operational approach to quantum theory,…

Bell tests---the experimental demonstration of a Bell inequality violation---are central to understanding the foundations of quantum mechanics, underpin quantum technologies, and are a powerful diagnostic tool for technological developments…

One of the distinguishing features of quantum theory is that its measurement outcomes are usually unpredictable or, equivalently, random. Moreover, this randomness is certifiable with minimal assumptions in the so-called device-independent…

Given a pair of isolated devices that accept random binary inputs and return binary outputs, a user can deduce from the observed data alone if the underlying mechanism can be explained classically. Bell's theorem further states that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Kuntal Sengupta , Lewis Wooltorton

Device-independent certification, also known as self-testing, aims at guaranteeing the proper functioning of untrusted and uncharacterized devices. For example, the quality of an unknown source expected to produce two-qubit maximally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-08 Xavier Valcarce , Julian Zivy , Nicolas Sangouard , Pavel Sekatski

In device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) the security is not based on any assumptions about the intrinsic properties of the devices and the quantum signals, but on the violation of a Bell inequality. We introduce a DIQKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Sarnava Datta , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

In contrast with classical physics, in quantum physics some sets of measurements are incompatible in the sense that they can not be performed simultaneously. Among other applications, incompatibility allows for contextuality and Bell…

Unsharp measurements are increasingly important for foundational insights in quantum theory and quantum information applications. Here, we report an experimental implementation of unsharp qubit measurements in a sequential communication…

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