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Humans use language to collectively execute abstract strategies besides using it as a referential tool for identifying physical entities. Recently, multiple attempts at replicating the process of emergence of language in artificial agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Shubham Gupta , Ambedkar Dukkipati

The question of how an effective and efficient communication system can emerge in a population of agents that need to solve a particular task attracts more and more attention from researchers in many fields, including artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jens Nevens , Paul Van Eecke , Katrien Beuls

To build agents that can collaborate effectively with others, recent research has trained artificial agents to communicate with each other in Lewis-style referential games. However, this often leads to successful but uninterpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Jesse Mu , Noah Goodman

Training agents to communicate with one another given task-based supervision only has attracted considerable attention recently, due to the growing interest in developing models for human-agent interaction. Prior work on the topic focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Ben Bogin , Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant

Recent findings in neuroscience suggest that the human brain represents information in a geometric structure (for instance, through conceptual spaces). In order to communicate, we flatten the complex representation of entities and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Agnieszka Słowik , Abhinav Gupta , William L. Hamilton , Mateja Jamnik , Sean B. Holden

Language is a powerful communicative and cognitive tool. It enables humans to express thoughts, share intentions, and reason about complex phenomena. Despite our fluency in using and understanding language, the question of how it arises and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Maytus Piriyajitakonkij , Rujikorn Charakorn , Weicheng Tao , Wei Pan , Mingfei Sun , Cheston Tan , Mengmi Zhang

Emergent language research has made significant progress in recent years, but still largely fails to explore how communication emerges in more complex and situated multi-agent systems. Existing setups often employ a reference game, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Cornelius Wolff , Julius Mayer , Elia Bruni , Xenia Ohmer

The literature in modern machine learning has only negative results for learning to communicate between competitive agents using standard RL. We introduce a modified sender-receiver game to study the spectrum of partially-competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Michael Noukhovitch , Travis LaCroix , Angeliki Lazaridou , Aaron Courville

The field of emergent communication within multi-agent systems examines how autonomous agents can independently develop communication strategies, without explicit programming, and adapt them to varied environments. However, few studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Bastien Vanderplaetse , Xavier Siebert , Stéphane Dupont

Several recent works have found the emergence of grounded compositional language in the communication protocols developed by mostly cooperative multi-agent systems when learned end-to-end to maximize performance on a downstream task.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Paul Pu Liang , Jeffrey Chen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency , Satwik Kottur

The ability of algorithms to evolve or learn (compositional) communication protocols has traditionally been studied in the language evolution literature through the use of emergent communication tasks. Here we scale up this research by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Moritz Hermann , Karl Tuyls , Stephen Clark

How do we know if communication is emerging in a multi-agent system? The vast majority of recent papers on emergent communication show that adding a communication channel leads to an increase in reward or task success. This is a useful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Ryan Lowe , Jakob Foerster , Y-Lan Boureau , Joelle Pineau , Yann Dauphin

The ability to cooperate through language is a defining feature of humans. As the perceptual, motory and planning capabilities of deep artificial networks increase, researchers are studying whether they also can develop a shared language to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Angeliki Lazaridou , Marco Baroni

Multi-agent reinforcement learning offers a way to study how communication could emerge in communities of agents needing to solve specific problems. In this paper, we study the emergence of communication in the negotiation environment, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Kris Cao , Angeliki Lazaridou , Marc Lanctot , Joel Z Leibo , Karl Tuyls , Stephen Clark

The aim of my Ph.D. thesis concerns Reasoning in Highly Reactive Environments. As reasoning in highly reactive environments, we identify the setting in which a knowledge-based agent, with given goals, is deployed in an environment subject…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Francesco Pacenza

Natural language has the universal properties of being compositional and grounded in reality. The emergence of linguistic properties is often investigated through simulations of emergent communication in referential games. However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Tom Kouwenhoven , Max Peeperkorn , Bram van Dijk , Tessa Verhoef

Learning to communicate is considered an essential task to develop a general AI. While recent literature in language evolution has studied emergent language through discrete or continuous message symbols, there has been little work in the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Shresth Verma , Joydip Dhar

Learning to communicate through interaction, rather than relying on explicit supervision, is often considered a prerequisite for developing a general AI. We study a setting where two agents engage in playing a referential game and, from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Serhii Havrylov , Ivan Titov

Emergent communication, or emergent language, is the field of research which studies how human language-like communication systems emerge de novo in deep multi-agent reinforcement learning environments. The possibilities of replicating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Brendon Boldt , David Mortensen

In this work, we propose a computational framework in which agents equipped with communication capabilities simultaneously play a series of referential games, where agents are trained using deep reinforcement learning. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Laura Graesser , Kyunghyun Cho , Douwe Kiela
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