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Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are commonly used for real-time processing, streaming data, and cases where the amount of training samples is limited. Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) is the predominant algorithm for training RNNs;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Nikolay Manchev , Luis C. Garcia-Peraza-Herrera

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are very successful at solving challenging problems with sequential data. However, this observed efficiency is not yet entirely explained by theory. It is known that a certain class of multiplicative RNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Valentin Khrulkov , Oleksii Hrinchuk , Ivan Oseledets

Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (RALMs) have demonstrated significant potential in knowledge-intensive tasks; however, they remain vulnerable to performance degradation when presented with irrelevant or noisy retrieved contexts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jaemin Kim , Jae O Lee , Sumyeong Ahn , Seo Yeon Park

During inference, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) scale constant in both FLOPs and GPU memory with increasing context length, as they compress all prior tokens into a fixed-size memory. In contrast, transformers scale linearly in FLOPs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Francois Chaubard , Mykel Kochenderfer

Classical neural network approximation results take the form: for every function $f$ and every error tolerance $\epsilon > 0$, one constructs a neural network whose architecture and weights depend on $\epsilon$. This paper introduces a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Clemens Hutter , Valentin Abadie , Helmut Bölcskei

Binary neural network (BNN) provides a promising solution to deploy parameter-intensive deep single image super-resolution (SISR) models onto real devices with limited storage and computational resources. To achieve comparable performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Zhiqiang Lang , Chongxing Song , Lei Zhang , Wei Wei

Constructing states from sequences of observations is an important component of reinforcement learning agents. One solution for state construction is to use recurrent neural networks. Back-propagation through time (BPTT), and real-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Khurram Javed , Haseeb Shah , Rich Sutton , Martha White

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are widely used as a memory model for sequence-related problems. Many variants of RNN have been proposed to solve the gradient problems of training RNNs and process long sequences. Although some classical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Chenpeng Zhang , Shuai Li , Mao Ye , Ce Zhu , Xue Li

Generative Recommendation (GR) has emerged as a transformative paradigm that reformulates the traditional cascade ranking system into a sequence-to-item generation task, facilitated by the use of discrete Semantic IDs (SIDs). However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zesheng Wang , Longfei Xu , Weidong Deng , Huimin Yan , Kaikui Liu , Xiangxiang Chu

Layer normalization (LayerNorm) has been successfully applied to various deep neural networks to help stabilize training and boost model convergence because of its capability in handling re-centering and re-scaling of both inputs and weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Biao Zhang , Rico Sennrich

We introduce the concept of Random Sequential Renormalization (RSR) for arbitrary networks. RSR is a graph renormalization procedure that locally aggregates nodes to produce a coarse grained network. It is analogous to the (quasi-)parallel…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-03-24 Golnoosh Bizhani , Vishal Sood , Maya Paczuski , Peter Grassberger

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) provide state-of-the-art performance in processing sequential data but are memory intensive to train, limiting the flexibility of RNN models which can be trained. Reversible RNNs---RNNs for which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Matthew MacKay , Paul Vicol , Jimmy Ba , Roger Grosse

A key attribute that drives the unprecedented success of modern Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) on learning tasks which involve sequential data, is their ability to model intricate long-term temporal dependencies. However, a well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Yoav Levine , Or Sharir , Alon Ziv , Amnon Shashua

Much of the recent research on solving iterative inference problems focuses on moving away from hand-chosen inference algorithms and towards learned inference. In the latter, the inference process is unrolled in time and interpreted as a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Patrick Putzky , Max Welling

During the last couple of years, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) have reached state-of-the-art performances on most of the sequence modelling problems. In particular, the "sequence to sequence" model and the neural CRF have proved to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Marco Dinarelli , Loïc Grobol

Optical neural networks (ONN) based on micro-ring resonators (MRR) have emerged as a promising alternative to significantly accelerating the massive matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) operations in artificial intelligence (AI) applications.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Bo Xu , Yuetong Fang , Shaoliang Yu , Renjing Xu

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many diverse tasks, from machine translation to surgical activity recognition, yet training RNNs to capture long-term dependencies remains difficult. To date,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Robert DiPietro , Christian Rupprecht , Nassir Navab , Gregory D. Hager

For years, recursive neural networks (RvNNs) have been shown to be suitable for representing text into fixed-length vectors and achieved good performance on several natural language processing tasks. However, the main drawback of RvNNs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Jihun Choi , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-goo Lee

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a key technology for applications such as automatic speech recognition or machine translation. Unlike conventional feed-forward DNNs, RNNs remember past information to improve the accuracy of future…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Franyell Silfa , Jose-Maria Arnau , Antonio González

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) produce state-of-art performance on many machine learning tasks but their demand on resources in terms of memory and computational power are often high. Therefore, there is a great interest in optimizing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Joachim Ott , Zhouhan Lin , Ying Zhang , Shih-Chii Liu , Yoshua Bengio