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The radio access network (RAN) accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in mobile networks, making it essential to understand how and where this energy is used, particularly as future networks move toward higher levels of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Urooj Tariq , Rishu Raj , Merim Dzaferagic , Daniel Kilper

Open RAN introduces a flexible, cloud-based architecture for the Radio Access Network (RAN), enabling Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML)-driven automation across heterogeneous, multi-vendor deployments. While EXplainable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Rahul Soundrarajan , Claudio Fiandrino , Michele Polese , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Tommaso Melodia

Semantic communication (SemCom) has been a transformative paradigm, emphasizing the precise exchange of meaningful information over traditional bit-level transmissions. However, existing SemCom research, primarily centered on simplified…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Yao Sun , Lan Zhang , Linke Guo , Jian Li , Dusit Niyato , Yuguang Fang

Next Generation (NextG) cellular networks will be natively cloud-based and built upon programmable, virtualized, and disaggregated architectures. The separation of control functions from the hardware fabric and the introduction of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Leonardo Bonati , Salvatore D'Oro , Michele Polese , Stefano Basagni , Tommaso Melodia

This paper presents a detailed and flexible power consumption model for Radio Units (RUs) in O-RAN using the ns3-oran simulator. This is the first ns3-oran model supporting xApp control to perform the RU power modeling. In contrast to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Abdul Wadud , Nima Afraz

With emerging applications such as autonomous driving, smart cities, and smart factories, network slicing has become an essential component of 5G and beyond networks as a means of catering to a service-aware network. However, managing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fatemeh Lotfi , Fatemeh Afghah

Open radio access network (ORAN) alliance which has been formed recently establishes a flexible, open, and smart radio access network (RAN) by combing the ideas from xRAN and cloud RAN (C-RAN). ORAN divides the functions of the RAN into…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Mojdeh Karbalaee Motalleb , Vahid Shah-Mansouri , Salar Nouri Naghadeh

Open Radio Access Network (RAN) was designed with native Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a core pillar, enabling AI- driven xApps and rApps to dynamically optimize network performance. However, the independent ICP adjustments made by these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Abdul Wadud , Nima Afraz , Fatemeh Golpayegani

The O-RAN architecture enables a more flexible and dynamic radio access network (RAN) control by separating hardware and software components. However, the distributed nature of the O-RAN architecture also presents several challenges for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Cezary Adamczyk

As systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications, understanding these black box models has become paramount. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a field of research…

This paper analyzes the functional requirements and architectural considerations for Integrated Sensing and Communication ( ISAC) in a 5G Open Radio Access Network (OpenRAN) environment, with emphasis on secure and modular deployment.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Daniel Lindenschmitt , Tobias Jung , Prudhvi Kumar Kakani , Torsten Reissland , Norman Franchi , Hans D. Schotten

The Open-Radio Access Network (O-RAN) integrates numerous software components in a cloud-like deployment, opening the radio access network to previously unconsidered security threats. With the ever-evolving threat landscape, integrating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Felix Klement , Alessandro Brighente , Michele Polese , Mauro Conti , Stefan Katzenbeisser

As wireless networks evolve towards open architectures like O-RAN, testing, and integration platforms are crucial to address challenges like interoperability. This paper describes ARA-O-RAN, a novel O-RAN testbed established through the NSF…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Tianyi Zhang , Joshua Ofori Boateng , Taimoor UI Islam , Arsalan Ahmad , Hongwei Zhang , Daji Qiao

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) pose as a transformative technology to revolutionize the cellular architecture of Next Generation (NextG) Radio Access Networks (RANs). Previous studies have demonstrated the capabilities of RISs…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Maria Tsampazi , Michele Polese , Falko Dressler , Tommaso Melodia

The Radio Access Network (RAN) is the segment of cellular networks that provides wireless connectivity to end-users. O-RAN Alliance has been transforming the RAN industry by proposing open RAN specifications and the programmable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Gabriel M. Almeida , Gustavo Z. Bruno , Alexandre Huff , Matti Hiltunen , Elias P. Duarte , Cristiano B. Both , Kleber V. Cardoso

Mobile networks are undergoing fast evolution to software-defined networking (SDN) infrastructure in order to accommodate the ever-growing mobile traffic and overcome the network management nightmares caused by unremitting acceleration in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jun He , Wei Song

In this paper, we propose the concept of AIO-RAN-NTN, a unified all-in-one Radio Access Network (RAN) for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), built on an open architecture that leverages open interfaces and artificial intelligence (AI)-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Tri Nhu Do

A fog computing based radio access network (F-RAN) is presented in this article as a promising paradigm for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system to provide high spectral and energy efficiency. The core idea is to take…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Mugen Peng , Shi Yan , Kecheng Zhang , Chonggang Wang

Edge computing that leverages cloud resources to the proximity of user devices is seen as the future infrastructure for distributed applications. However, developing and deploying edge applications, that rely on cellular networks, is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Juuso Haavisto , Muhammad Arif , Lauri Lovén , Teemu Leppänen , Jukka Riekki

The next-generation radio access network (RAN), known as Open RAN, is poised to feature an AI-native interface for wireless cellular networks, including emerging satellite-terrestrial systems, making deep learning integral to its operation.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Siya Chen , Chee Wei Tan , Xiangping Zhai , H. Vincent Poor